jos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "jos"

English

Noun

jos

1. plural of jo

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jos. Originally the lative singular of joka; jo- +‎ -s (lative suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjos/, [ˈjo̞s̠]
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification^(key): jos

Conjunction

jos

1. (subordinating) if (supposing that)

   mitä jos... ― what if...

   nyt jos koskaan ― now if ever

   jos niin ajattelee ― if one thinks that way

   tulee jos on tullakseen ― it'll come if it'll come

   Ostan hienon auton, jos voitan lotossa. ― I will buy a fancy car if I win the lottery.

   Jos saisit valita, minkä näistä ottaisit? ― If you could choose, which one of these would you take?

   Jos nyt kerran kuuntelisit, ehkä saisimme jotain aikaankin! ― If you listened for once, maybe we could get somewhere!

   Jos metsässä kaatuu puu ja kukaan ei ole kuulemassa, kuuluuko siitä ääni? ― If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?

   Kuka muu se voisi olla, jos et sinä? ― Who else could it be if it's not you?

   Mikä olisi ollut ammattisi, jos olisit elänyt 200 vuotta sitten? ― What would have been your job if you had lived 200 years ago?

2. (colloquial, proscribed) if, whether (used to introduce an indirect question)

   Synonym: -ko

   Jos tulisit katsomaan. ― If you could come here to look.

Derived terms

• joskaan
• joskin
• josko
• jospa
• jossitella

 

See also

• ellei, jollei

Further reading

• “jos”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jos. Cognates include Finnish jos and Livvi jos.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈjos/, [ˈjo̞z̠]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈjos/, [ˈjo̞ʒ̥]
• Rhymes: -os
• Hyphenation: jos

Conjunction

jos

1. if
   • 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. I. Molotsova, Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:

     Jos kynnetyn maan pääl möö kaivaamma havvan, nii havvan servääs möö näemmä slojan mustaa tali harmaata maata.

     If in the surface of the earth we dig a pit, then on the edge of the pit we see a layer of black or grey soil.

2. so that, in order that

Usage notes

• In the sense "if", jos can be used with either a conditional, an indicative or an infinitive. The first tense is used to describe irrealis conditions, the second to describe future conditions, and the third one is used to give general statements:

  Jos siä kuralle katsoisit, siis minnua näkisit. ― If you looked to the left, then you would see me.

  Jos siä kuralle katsot, siis minnua näät. ― If you look to the left, then you will see me.

  Jos kuralle katsoa, saap minnua nähhä. ― If one looks to the left, he will be able to see me.

Synonyms

• (so that): jot, eik

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 106

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joːs/

Etymology 1

Pronoun

jõs

1. (third-person feminine plural) they
2. third-person singular genitive of ji
3. (third-person singular feminine possessive) her

Declension

declension of jos

	singular		dual		plural
nominative	jì		jiẽdvi		jõs
genitive	jõs		jų̃dviejų		jų̃
dative	jái		jõdviem		jóms
accusative	ją̃		jiẽdvi		jàs
instrumental	jà		jõdviem		jomìs
locative	jojè		jiẽdviese		josè

See also

Lithuanian personal pronouns

	singular (vienaskaita)					dual (dviskaita)							plural (daugiskaita)					reflexive (sangrąžiniai)
	1st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3rd person (trečiasis asmuo)			1st person		2nd person		3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			m	f		m	f	m	f	m	f				m	f
nominative (vardininkas)	àš	tù	jìs, jisaĩ	jì, jinaĩ		mùdu	mùdvi	jùdu	jùdvi	juõdu, jiẽdu	jiẽdvi		mẽs	jū̃s	jiẽ	jõs		-
genitive (kilmininkas)	manę̃s	tavę̃s	jõ	jõs		mùdviejų		jùdviejų		jų̃dviejų			mū́sų	jū́sų	jų̃			savę̃s
dative (naudininkas)	mán	táu	jám	jái		mùdviem		jùdviem		jõdviem			mùms	jùms	jíems	jóms		sáu
accusative (galininkas)	manè	tavè	jį̃	ją̃		mùdu	mùdvi	jùdu	jùdvi	juõdu	jiẽdvi		mùs	jùs	juõs	jàs		savè
instrumental (įnagininkas)	manimì, manim̃	tavimì, tavim̃	juõ	jà		mùdviem		jùdviem		jõdviem			mumìs	jumìs	jaĩs	jomìs		savimì, savim̃
locative (vietininkas)	manyjè, manỹ	tavyjè, tavỹ	jamè	jojè		mùdviese		jùdviese		jiẽdviese			mumysè	jumysè	juosè	josè		savyjè, savỹ
possessive (savybiniai)	màno	tàvo	jõ	jõs		mùdviejų		jùdviejų		jų̃dviejų			mū́sų	jū́sų	jų̃			sàvo

Etymology 2

Verb

jõs

1. third-person singular/plural future of joti

Livvi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *jos.

Conjunction

jos

1. if

Synonyms

• hoz

References

• Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “jos”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎^[2], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From Hindi जोश (joś).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʒos/, /dʒoːʃ/

Noun

jos

1. pleasure; happiness

   Synonym: lazwa

Northern Sami

Etymology

Borrowed from Finnic (compare Finnish jos).

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈjos/

Conjunction

jos

1. if

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan jos, from Late Latin iōsum, from Classical Latin deorsum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒus/

• Audio (Béarn)

  (file)

Preposition

jos

1. below

   Antonym: sus

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “deorsum”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 3: D–F, page 43

Old Catalan

Adverb

jos

1. Alternative form of jus (“down”)

Preposition

jos

1. Alternative form of jus (“below”)

References

• “jos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

• jus
• jotz (infl. by sotz)

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin iūsum~iōsum, from Classical Latin deorsum.

Adverb

jos

1. down

Derived terms

• juzan

Preposition

jos

1. below

Descendants

• Occitan: jos

References

• DOM

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin iōsum, from Classical Latin deorsum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒos/

• Audio

  (file)

Adverb

jos

1. down

   Antonym: sus

See also

• sub

Adjective

jos m or n (feminine singular joasă, masculine plural joși, feminine and neuter plural joase)

1. low
2. down

Declension

Declension of jos

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	jos		joasă	joși	joase
	definite	josul		joasa	joșii	joasele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	jos		joase	joși	joase
	definite	josului		joasei	joșilor	joaselor

Derived terms

• înjosi
• josnic
• pe jos

Further reading

• jos in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Swedish

Noun

jos c

1. Alternative form of juice

Usage notes

The usual Swedish spelling is juice. Jos is a less-used variant coined during the 1970s. See the usage notes for juice.

Declension

Declension of jos
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	jos	josen	joser	joserna
Genitive	jos	josens	josers	josernas

References

• jos in Svensk ordbok (SO)