Egyptian [ edit ] Etymology [ edit ] Probably a reduplication of jw ( “ dog ” ) . The verb is then likely denominal , with its meaning deriving from the cry of the dog.
Pronunciation [ edit ] m
dog [Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom]
Synonyms: jw ṯzm Inflection [ edit ]
Declension of jwjw (masculine)
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwjw
jwjw jwjw
[New Kingdom]
[Book of the Dead]
in hieratic
4-lit.
( intransitive ) lament or wail [Late Period and Greco-Roman Period] Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of jwjw (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: jwjw
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
jwjw jwjww , jwjw jwjwt jwjw jwjw
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
jwjw ḥr jwjw m jwjw r jwjw
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
contingent
aspect / mood
active
perfect
jwjw.n consecutive
jwjw.jn
terminative
jwjwt
perfective 3
jwjw obligative1
jwjw.ḫr
imperfective
jwjw
prospective 3
jwjww , jwjw potentialis1
jwjw.kꜣ
subjunctive
jwjw
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
active
passive
perfect
jwjw.n —
—
perfective
jwjw jwjw jwjw , jwjww 5 , jwjwy 5
imperfective
jwjw , jwjwy , jwjww 5 jwjw , jwjwj 6 , jwjwy 6 jwjw , jwjww 5
prospective
jwjw , jwjwtj 7 jwjwwtj 1 4 , jwjwtj 4 , jwjwt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwjw
References [ edit ] Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] →ISBN pages 50.1–50.2 Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN page 12 
