jwtj

Egyptian

Etymology

From jwt (negation particle) +‎ -j (nisba ending). The noun jwtj is in turn simply a nominalized use of the adjective jwtj.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːti/
  • Conventional anglicization: iuti

Adjective

1. the negative relative adjective — allows a clause to serve as a negated relative clause, usually with an adverbial or verbal predicate [chiefly Old Egyptian]
   1. (introducing a direct relative clause, with jwtj serving in place of a subject) which is not, who is not, not being
   2. (introducing an indirect relative clause, with a later resumptive pronoun) such that it is not the case that, for which it is not the case that

Usage notes

When followed by an indirect relative clause with a pronominal subject, the subject takes the form of a suffix pronoun attached to jwtj. The exceptions to this are clauses with a first-person singular subject, which use the dependent pronoun wj, and sometimes a third-person subject, which can use the dependent pronoun st. Other subjects rarely also appear in dependent-pronoun form.

Analogously to jw, jwtj asserts that the statement in the clause is false at the time of the statement, marking it as modally realis.

Inflection

Declension of jwtj (nisba adjective)

	masculine	feminine
singular	jwtj	jwtt
dual	jwtjwj, jwtwj	jwttj
plural	jwtjw, jwtw	jwtwt1, jwtt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwtj  

jwtw	jwtw	jwt

Antonyms

• ntj

Noun

 m

1. (introducing a direct relative clause) he who is not, one who is not, that which is not
2. (introducing an indirect relative clause, with a later resumptive pronoun) he for whom it is not the case that, one for whom it is not the case that, that for which it is not the case that
3. (without a following relative clause) he who doesn’t exist, one who doesn’t exist, that which doesn’t exist

Usage notes

See under the adjective above.

Inflection

See under the adjective above.

Alternative forms

See under the adjective above.

Antonyms

• ntj

Derived terms

• jwtj-n.f
• jwtj-sw
• ntt jwtt

 

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 138–139, 173, 242, 378–379, 409, 415.