kawal

See also: kawał

English

Noun

kawal (uncountable)

1. A meat substitute made in Sudan from the fermented leaves of the sicklepod.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay kawal, from Tamil காவல் (kāval).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkawal/
• Rhymes: -wal, -al, -l
• Hyphenation: ka‧wal

Verb

kawal

1. to look after

   Synonym: jaga

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• berkawal [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• mengawal [agent focus] (meN-)
• mengawali [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• kawalan [repetition / reciprocity] (-an)
• pengawal [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pengawalan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)

Further reading

• “kawal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Tamil காவல் (kāval).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.wal/
• Rhymes: -awal, -wal, -al

Noun

kawal (Jawi spelling کاول, plural kawal-kawal, informal 1st possessive kawalku, 2nd possessive kawalmu, 3rd possessive kawalnya)

1. watchman; patrol; guard

   Synonym: penjaga

2. care; supervision

   Synonyms: penjagaan, pengawasan

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• berkawal [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• mengawal [agent focus] (meN-)
• mengawali [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• terkawal [agentless action] (teR-)
• kawalan [repetition / reciprocity] (-an)
• pengawalan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• pengawal [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• kawal selia (“to monitor”)

Descendants

• Indonesian: kawal
• → Tagalog: kawal (“soldier”)

Further reading

• “kawal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
• "kawal" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• caual — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay kawal, from Tamil காவல் (kāval).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkawal/, [ˈka.wɐl]
• Hyphenation: ka‧wal

Noun

kawal (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜎ᜔)

1. soldier; trooper

   Synonym: sundalo

2. warrior

   Synonyms: mandirigma, gerero

3. (colloquial) member; disciple; follower

   Synonyms: kagawad, tagasunod

4. (by extension) advocate; supporter

   Synonyms: tagataguyod, tagatangkilik

5. (obsolete) companion that helps others
6. (obsolete) something that prevents bundling something for transport

Derived terms

• ikawal
• ipagkawal
• ipangawal
• kawal-pugante
• kawalan
• kawalin
• kumawal
• magkawal
• mangawal
• mapangawal
• pagkawalan
• pagkawalin
• pangkawal

 

Adjective

kawal (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜎ᜔)

1. (obsolete) indecisive; wavering

Further reading

• “kawal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018