khumuka

Zulu

Etymology

Derived from the ideophone khumu.

Verb

-khumúka

1. to come off, to come out

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukukhumuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukukhumuka	ukungakhumuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	khumuka	-khumuke
Plural	khumukani	-khumukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyakhumuka, ngikhumuka	engikhumukayo, engikhumuka	ngikhumuka	angikhumuki	engingakhumuki	ngingakhumuki
2nd singular	uyakhumuka, ukhumuka	okhumukayo, okhumuka	ukhumuka	awukhumuki	ongakhumuki	ungakhumuki
1st plural	siyakhumuka, sikhumuka	esikhumukayo, esikhumuka	sikhumuka	asikhumuki	esingakhumuki	singakhumuki
2nd plural	niyakhumuka, nikhumuka	enikhumukayo, enikhumuka	nikhumuka	anikhumuki	eningakhumuki	ningakhumuki
Class 1	uyakhumuka, ukhumuka	okhumukayo, okhumuka	ekhumuka	akakhumuki	ongakhumuki	engakhumuki
Class 2	bayakhumuka, bakhumuka	abakhumukayo, abakhumuka	bekhumuka	abakhumuki	abangakhumuki	bengakhumuki
Class 3	uyakhumuka, ukhumuka	okhumukayo, okhumuka	ukhumuka	awukhumuki	ongakhumuki	ungakhumuki
Class 4	iyakhumuka, ikhumuka	ekhumukayo, ekhumuka	ikhumuka	ayikhumuki	engakhumuki	ingakhumuki
Class 5	liyakhumuka, likhumuka	elikhumukayo, elikhumuka	likhumuka	alikhumuki	elingakhumuki	lingakhumuki
Class 6	ayakhumuka, akhumuka	akhumukayo, akhumuka	ekhumuka	awakhumuki	angakhumuki	engakhumuki
Class 7	siyakhumuka, sikhumuka	esikhumukayo, esikhumuka	sikhumuka	asikhumuki	esingakhumuki	singakhumuki
Class 8	ziyakhumuka, zikhumuka	ezikhumukayo, ezikhumuka	zikhumuka	azikhumuki	ezingakhumuki	zingakhumuki
Class 9	iyakhumuka, ikhumuka	ekhumukayo, ekhumuka	ikhumuka	ayikhumuki	engakhumuki	ingakhumuki
Class 10	ziyakhumuka, zikhumuka	ezikhumukayo, ezikhumuka	zikhumuka	azikhumuki	ezingakhumuki	zingakhumuki
Class 11	luyakhumuka, lukhumuka	olukhumukayo, olukhumuka	lukhumuka	alukhumuki	olungakhumuki	lungakhumuki
Class 14	buyakhumuka, bukhumuka	obukhumukayo, obukhumuka	bukhumuka	abukhumuki	obungakhumuki	bungakhumuki
Class 15	kuyakhumuka, kukhumuka	okukhumukayo, okukhumuka	kukhumuka	akukhumuki	okungakhumuki	kungakhumuki
Class 17	kuyakhumuka, kukhumuka	okukhumukayo, okukhumuka	kukhumuka	akukhumuki	okungakhumuki	kungakhumuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngikhumukile, ngikhumukē	engikhumukile, engikhumukē	ngikhumukile, ngikhumukē	angikhumukanga	engingakhumukanga	ngingakhumukanga
2nd singular	ukhumukile, ukhumukē	okhumukile, okhumukē	ukhumukile, ukhumukē	awukhumukanga	ongakhumukanga	ungakhumukanga
1st plural	sikhumukile, sikhumukē	esikhumukile, esikhumukē	sikhumukile, sikhumukē	asikhumukanga	esingakhumukanga	singakhumukanga
2nd plural	nikhumukile, nikhumukē	enikhumukile, enikhumukē	nikhumukile, nikhumukē	anikhumukanga	eningakhumukanga	ningakhumukanga
Class 1	ukhumukile, ukhumukē	okhumukile, okhumukē	ekhumukile, ekhumukē	akakhumukanga	ongakhumukanga	engakhumukanga
Class 2	bakhumukile, bakhumukē	abakhumukile, abakhumukē	bekhumukile, bekhumukē	abakhumukanga	abangakhumukanga	bengakhumukanga
Class 3	ukhumukile, ukhumukē	okhumukile, okhumukē	ukhumukile, ukhumukē	awukhumukanga	ongakhumukanga	ungakhumukanga
Class 4	ikhumukile, ikhumukē	ekhumukile, ekhumukē	ikhumukile, ikhumukē	ayikhumukanga	engakhumukanga	ingakhumukanga
Class 5	likhumukile, likhumukē	elikhumukile, elikhumukē	likhumukile, likhumukē	alikhumukanga	elingakhumukanga	lingakhumukanga
Class 6	akhumukile, akhumukē	akhumukile, akhumukē	ekhumukile, ekhumukē	awakhumukanga	angakhumukanga	engakhumukanga
Class 7	sikhumukile, sikhumukē	esikhumukile, esikhumukē	sikhumukile, sikhumukē	asikhumukanga	esingakhumukanga	singakhumukanga
Class 8	zikhumukile, zikhumukē	ezikhumukile, ezikhumukē	zikhumukile, zikhumukē	azikhumukanga	ezingakhumukanga	zingakhumukanga
Class 9	ikhumukile, ikhumukē	ekhumukile, ekhumukē	ikhumukile, ikhumukē	ayikhumukanga	engakhumukanga	ingakhumukanga
Class 10	zikhumukile, zikhumukē	ezikhumukile, ezikhumukē	zikhumukile, zikhumukē	azikhumukanga	ezingakhumukanga	zingakhumukanga
Class 11	lukhumukile, lukhumukē	olukhumukile, olukhumukē	lukhumukile, lukhumukē	alukhumukanga	olungakhumukanga	lungakhumukanga
Class 14	bukhumukile, bukhumukē	obukhumukile, obukhumukē	bukhumukile, bukhumukē	abukhumukanga	obungakhumukanga	bungakhumukanga
Class 15	kukhumukile, kukhumukē	okukhumukile, okukhumukē	kukhumukile, kukhumukē	akukhumukanga	okungakhumukanga	kungakhumukanga
Class 17	kukhumukile, kukhumukē	okukhumukile, okukhumukē	kukhumukile, kukhumukē	akukhumukanga	okungakhumukanga	kungakhumukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngākhumuka	engākhumuka	ngākhumuka	angikhumukanga	engingakhumukanga	ngingakhumukanga
2nd singular	wākhumuka	owākhumuka	wākhumuka	awukhumukanga	ongakhumukanga	ungakhumukanga
1st plural	sākhumuka	esākhumuka	sākhumuka	asikhumukanga	esingakhumukanga	singakhumukanga
2nd plural	nākhumuka	enākhumuka	nākhumuka	anikhumukanga	eningakhumukanga	ningakhumukanga
Class 1	wākhumuka	owākhumuka	ākhumuka	akakhumukanga	ongakhumukanga	engakhumukanga
Class 2	bākhumuka	abākhumuka	bākhumuka	abakhumukanga	abangakhumukanga	bengakhumukanga
Class 3	wākhumuka	owākhumuka	wākhumuka	awukhumukanga	ongakhumukanga	ungakhumukanga
Class 4	yākhumuka	eyākhumuka	yākhumuka	ayikhumukanga	engakhumukanga	ingakhumukanga
Class 5	lākhumuka	elākhumuka	lākhumuka	alikhumukanga	elingakhumukanga	lingakhumukanga
Class 6	ākhumuka	ākhumuka	ākhumuka	awakhumukanga	angakhumukanga	engakhumukanga
Class 7	sākhumuka	esākhumuka	sākhumuka	asikhumukanga	esingakhumukanga	singakhumukanga
Class 8	zākhumuka	ezākhumuka	zākhumuka	azikhumukanga	ezingakhumukanga	zingakhumukanga
Class 9	yākhumuka	eyākhumuka	yākhumuka	ayikhumukanga	engakhumukanga	ingakhumukanga
Class 10	zākhumuka	ezākhumuka	zākhumuka	azikhumukanga	ezingakhumukanga	zingakhumukanga
Class 11	lwākhumuka	olwākhumuka	lwākhumuka	alukhumukanga	olungakhumukanga	lungakhumukanga
Class 14	bākhumuka	obākhumuka	bākhumuka	abukhumukanga	obungakhumukanga	bungakhumukanga
Class 15	kwākhumuka	okwākhumuka	kwākhumuka	akukhumukanga	okungakhumukanga	kungakhumukanga
Class 17	kwākhumuka	okwākhumuka	kwākhumuka	akukhumukanga	okungakhumukanga	kungakhumukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingakhumuka	—	ngingakhumuka	ngingekhumuke	—	ngingekhumuke
2nd singular	ungakhumuka	—	ungakhumuka	ungekhumuke	—	ungekhumuke
1st plural	singakhumuka	—	singakhumuka	singekhumuke	—	singekhumuke
2nd plural	ningakhumuka	—	ningakhumuka	ningekhumuke	—	ningekhumuke
Class 1	angakhumuka	—	engakhumuka	angekhumuke	—	engekhumuke
Class 2	bangakhumuka	—	bengakhumuka	bangekhumuke	—	bengekhumuke
Class 3	ungakhumuka	—	ungakhumuka	ungekhumuke	—	ungekhumuke
Class 4	ingakhumuka	—	ingakhumuka	ingekhumuke	—	ingekhumuke
Class 5	lingakhumuka	—	lingakhumuka	lingekhumuke	—	lingekhumuke
Class 6	angakhumuka	—	engakhumuka	angekhumuke	—	engekhumuke
Class 7	singakhumuka	—	singakhumuka	singekhumuke	—	singekhumuke
Class 8	zingakhumuka	—	zingakhumuka	zingekhumuke	—	zingekhumuke
Class 9	ingakhumuka	—	ingakhumuka	ingekhumuke	—	ingekhumuke
Class 10	zingakhumuka	—	zingakhumuka	zingekhumuke	—	zingekhumuke
Class 11	lungakhumuka	—	lungakhumuka	lungekhumuke	—	lungekhumuke
Class 14	bungakhumuka	—	bungakhumuka	bungekhumuke	—	bungekhumuke
Class 15	kungakhumuka	—	kungakhumuka	kungekhumuke	—	kungekhumuke
Class 17	kungakhumuka	—	kungakhumuka	kungekhumuke	—	kungekhumuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokhumuka	engizokhumuka	ngizokhumuka	angizukhumuka	engingezukhumuka	ngingezukhumuka
2nd singular	uzokhumuka	ozokhumuka	uzokhumuka	awuzukhumuka	ongezukhumuka	ungezukhumuka
1st plural	sizokhumuka	esizokhumuka	sizokhumuka	asizukhumuka	esingezukhumuka	singezukhumuka
2nd plural	nizokhumuka	enizokhumuka	nizokhumuka	anizukhumuka	eningezukhumuka	ningezukhumuka
Class 1	uzokhumuka	ozokhumuka	ezokhumuka	akazukhumuka	ongezukhumuka	engezukhumuka
Class 2	bazokhumuka	abazokhumuka	bezokhumuka	abazukhumuka	abangezukhumuka	bengezukhumuka
Class 3	uzokhumuka	ozokhumuka	uzokhumuka	awuzukhumuka	ongezukhumuka	ungezukhumuka
Class 4	izokhumuka	ezokhumuka	izokhumuka	ayizukhumuka	engezukhumuka	ingezukhumuka
Class 5	lizokhumuka	elizokhumuka	lizokhumuka	alizukhumuka	elingezukhumuka	lingezukhumuka
Class 6	azokhumuka	azokhumuka	ezokhumuka	awazukhumuka	angezukhumuka	engezukhumuka
Class 7	sizokhumuka	esizokhumuka	sizokhumuka	asizukhumuka	esingezukhumuka	singezukhumuka
Class 8	zizokhumuka	ezizokhumuka	zizokhumuka	azizukhumuka	ezingezukhumuka	zingezukhumuka
Class 9	izokhumuka	ezokhumuka	izokhumuka	ayizukhumuka	engezukhumuka	ingezukhumuka
Class 10	zizokhumuka	ezizokhumuka	zizokhumuka	azizukhumuka	ezingezukhumuka	zingezukhumuka
Class 11	luzokhumuka	oluzokhumuka	luzokhumuka	aluzukhumuka	olungezukhumuka	lungezukhumuka
Class 14	buzokhumuka	obuzokhumuka	buzokhumuka	abuzukhumuka	obungezukhumuka	bungezukhumuka
Class 15	kuzokhumuka	okuzokhumuka	kuzokhumuka	akuzukhumuka	okungezukhumuka	kungezukhumuka
Class 17	kuzokhumuka	okuzokhumuka	kuzokhumuka	akuzukhumuka	okungezukhumuka	kungezukhumuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokhumuka	engiyokhumuka	ngiyokhumuka	angiyukhumuka	engingeyukhumuka	ngingeyukhumuka
2nd singular	uyokhumuka	oyokhumuka	uyokhumuka	awuyukhumuka	ongeyukhumuka	ungeyukhumuka
1st plural	siyokhumuka	esiyokhumuka	siyokhumuka	asiyukhumuka	esingeyukhumuka	singeyukhumuka
2nd plural	niyokhumuka	eniyokhumuka	niyokhumuka	aniyukhumuka	eningeyukhumuka	ningeyukhumuka
Class 1	uyokhumuka	oyokhumuka	eyokhumuka	akayukhumuka	ongeyukhumuka	engeyukhumuka
Class 2	bayokhumuka	abayokhumuka	beyokhumuka	abayukhumuka	abangeyukhumuka	bengeyukhumuka
Class 3	uyokhumuka	oyokhumuka	uyokhumuka	awuyukhumuka	ongeyukhumuka	ungeyukhumuka
Class 4	iyokhumuka	eyokhumuka	iyokhumuka	ayiyukhumuka	engeyukhumuka	ingeyukhumuka
Class 5	liyokhumuka	eliyokhumuka	liyokhumuka	aliyukhumuka	elingeyukhumuka	lingeyukhumuka
Class 6	ayokhumuka	ayokhumuka	eyokhumuka	awayukhumuka	angeyukhumuka	engeyukhumuka
Class 7	siyokhumuka	esiyokhumuka	siyokhumuka	asiyukhumuka	esingeyukhumuka	singeyukhumuka
Class 8	ziyokhumuka	eziyokhumuka	ziyokhumuka	aziyukhumuka	ezingeyukhumuka	zingeyukhumuka
Class 9	iyokhumuka	eyokhumuka	iyokhumuka	ayiyukhumuka	engeyukhumuka	ingeyukhumuka
Class 10	ziyokhumuka	eziyokhumuka	ziyokhumuka	aziyukhumuka	ezingeyukhumuka	zingeyukhumuka
Class 11	luyokhumuka	oluyokhumuka	luyokhumuka	aluyukhumuka	olungeyukhumuka	lungeyukhumuka
Class 14	buyokhumuka	obuyokhumuka	buyokhumuka	abuyukhumuka	obungeyukhumuka	bungeyukhumuka
Class 15	kuyokhumuka	okuyokhumuka	kuyokhumuka	akuyukhumuka	okungeyukhumuka	kungeyukhumuka
Class 17	kuyokhumuka	okuyokhumuka	kuyokhumuka	akuyukhumuka	okungeyukhumuka	kungeyukhumuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngikhumuke	ngingakhumuki
2nd singular	ukhumuke	ungakhumuki
1st plural	sikhumuke	singakhumuki
2nd plural	nikhumuke	ningakhumuki
Class 1	akhumuke	angakhumuki
Class 2	bakhumuke	bangakhumuki
Class 3	ukhumuke	ungakhumuki
Class 4	ikhumuke	ingakhumuki
Class 5	likhumuke	lingakhumuki
Class 6	akhumuke	angakhumuki
Class 7	sikhumuke	singakhumuki
Class 8	zikhumuke	zingakhumuki
Class 9	ikhumuke	ingakhumuki
Class 10	zikhumuke	zingakhumuki
Class 11	lukhumuke	lungakhumuki
Class 14	bukhumuke	bungakhumuki
Class 15	kukhumuke	kungakhumuki
Class 17	kukhumuke	kungakhumuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngakhumuka	ngangakhumuka, angakhumuka, angangakhumuka
2nd singular	wakhumuka	wangakhumuka, awakhumuka, awangakhumuka
1st plural	sakhumuka	sangakhumuka, asakhumuka, asangakhumuka
2nd plural	nakhumuka	nangakhumuka, anakhumuka, anangakhumuka
Class 1	wakhumuka	wangakhumuka, akakhumuka, akangakhumuka
Class 2	bakhumuka	bangakhumuka, abakhumuka, abangakhumuka
Class 3	wakhumuka	wangakhumuka, awakhumuka, awangakhumuka
Class 4	yakhumuka	yangakhumuka, ayakhumuka, ayangakhumuka
Class 5	lakhumuka	langakhumuka, alakhumuka, alangakhumuka
Class 6	akhumuka	angakhumuka, awakhumuka, awangakhumuka
Class 7	sakhumuka	sangakhumuka, asakhumuka, asangakhumuka
Class 8	zakhumuka	zangakhumuka, azakhumuka, azangakhumuka
Class 9	yakhumuka	yangakhumuka, ayakhumuka, ayangakhumuka
Class 10	zakhumuka	zangakhumuka, azakhumuka, azangakhumuka
Class 11	lwakhumuka	lwangakhumuka, alwakhumuka, alwangakhumuka
Class 14	bakhumuka	bangakhumuka, abakhumuka, abangakhumuka
Class 15	kwakhumuka	kwangakhumuka, akwakhumuka, akwangakhumuka
Class 17	kwakhumuka	kwangakhumuka, akwakhumuka, akwangakhumuka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khumuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khumuka (3.2.9)”