landela

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Fanagalo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Zulu -landela.

Verb[edit]

landela

  1. to follow

Southern Ndebele[edit]

Verb[edit]

-lándela

  1. to follow

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb[edit]

-lándela

  1. (transitive) to follow

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From -landa +‎ -ela.

Verb[edit]

-landela

  1. (transitive) to follow, to follow after
  2. (transitive) to follow the example of
  3. (transitive) to obey, to observe, to honor
  4. (transitive) to recite
  5. (intransitive) to follow, to be next

Inflection[edit]

Tone L
Infinitive ukulandela
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukulandela ukungalandeli
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular landela -landele
Plural landelani -landeleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyalandela, ngilandela engilandelayo, engilandela ngilandela angilandeli engingalandeli ngingalandeli
2nd singular uyalandela, ulandela olandelayo, olandela ulandela awulandeli ongalandeli ungalandeli
1st plural siyalandela, silandela esilandelayo, esilandela silandela asilandeli esingalandeli singalandeli
2nd plural niyalandela, nilandela enilandelayo, enilandela nilandela anilandeli eningalandeli ningalandeli
Class 1 uyalandela, ulandela olandelayo, olandela elandela akalandeli ongalandeli engalandeli
Class 2 bayalandela, balandela abalandelayo, abalandela belandela abalandeli abangalandeli bengalandeli
Class 3 uyalandela, ulandela olandelayo, olandela ulandela awulandeli ongalandeli ungalandeli
Class 4 iyalandela, ilandela elandelayo, elandela ilandela ayilandeli engalandeli ingalandeli
Class 5 liyalandela, lilandela elilandelayo, elilandela lilandela alilandeli elingalandeli lingalandeli
Class 6 ayalandela, alandela alandelayo, alandela elandela awalandeli angalandeli engalandeli
Class 7 siyalandela, silandela esilandelayo, esilandela silandela asilandeli esingalandeli singalandeli
Class 8 ziyalandela, zilandela ezilandelayo, ezilandela zilandela azilandeli ezingalandeli zingalandeli
Class 9 iyalandela, ilandela elandelayo, elandela ilandela ayilandeli engalandeli ingalandeli
Class 10 ziyalandela, zilandela ezilandelayo, ezilandela zilandela azilandeli ezingalandeli zingalandeli
Class 11 luyalandela, lulandela olulandelayo, olulandela lulandela alulandeli olungalandeli lungalandeli
Class 14 buyalandela, bulandela obulandelayo, obulandela bulandela abulandeli obungalandeli bungalandeli
Class 15 kuyalandela, kulandela okulandelayo, okulandela kulandela akulandeli okungalandeli kungalandeli
Class 17 kuyalandela, kulandela okulandelayo, okulandela kulandela akulandeli okungalandeli kungalandeli
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngilandelile, ngilandelē engilandelile, engilandelē ngilandelile, ngilandelē angilandelanga engingalandelanga ngingalandelanga
2nd singular ulandelile, ulandelē olandelile, olandelē ulandelile, ulandelē awulandelanga ongalandelanga ungalandelanga
1st plural silandelile, silandelē esilandelile, esilandelē silandelile, silandelē asilandelanga esingalandelanga singalandelanga
2nd plural nilandelile, nilandelē enilandelile, enilandelē nilandelile, nilandelē anilandelanga eningalandelanga ningalandelanga
Class 1 ulandelile, ulandelē olandelile, olandelē elandelile, elandelē akalandelanga ongalandelanga engalandelanga
Class 2 balandelile, balandelē abalandelile, abalandelē belandelile, belandelē abalandelanga abangalandelanga bengalandelanga
Class 3 ulandelile, ulandelē olandelile, olandelē ulandelile, ulandelē awulandelanga ongalandelanga ungalandelanga
Class 4 ilandelile, ilandelē elandelile, elandelē ilandelile, ilandelē ayilandelanga engalandelanga ingalandelanga
Class 5 lilandelile, lilandelē elilandelile, elilandelē lilandelile, lilandelē alilandelanga elingalandelanga lingalandelanga
Class 6 alandelile, alandelē alandelile, alandelē elandelile, elandelē awalandelanga angalandelanga engalandelanga
Class 7 silandelile, silandelē esilandelile, esilandelē silandelile, silandelē asilandelanga esingalandelanga singalandelanga
Class 8 zilandelile, zilandelē ezilandelile, ezilandelē zilandelile, zilandelē azilandelanga ezingalandelanga zingalandelanga
Class 9 ilandelile, ilandelē elandelile, elandelē ilandelile, ilandelē ayilandelanga engalandelanga ingalandelanga
Class 10 zilandelile, zilandelē ezilandelile, ezilandelē zilandelile, zilandelē azilandelanga ezingalandelanga zingalandelanga
Class 11 lulandelile, lulandelē olulandelile, olulandelē lulandelile, lulandelē alulandelanga olungalandelanga lungalandelanga
Class 14 bulandelile, bulandelē obulandelile, obulandelē bulandelile, bulandelē abulandelanga obungalandelanga bungalandelanga
Class 15 kulandelile, kulandelē okulandelile, okulandelē kulandelile, kulandelē akulandelanga okungalandelanga kungalandelanga
Class 17 kulandelile, kulandelē okulandelile, okulandelē kulandelile, kulandelē akulandelanga okungalandelanga kungalandelanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngālandela engālandela ngālandela angilandelanga engingalandelanga ngingalandelanga
2nd singular wālandela owālandela wālandela awulandelanga ongalandelanga ungalandelanga
1st plural sālandela esālandela sālandela asilandelanga esingalandelanga singalandelanga
2nd plural nālandela enālandela nālandela anilandelanga eningalandelanga ningalandelanga
Class 1 wālandela owālandela ālandela akalandelanga ongalandelanga engalandelanga
Class 2 bālandela abālandela bālandela abalandelanga abangalandelanga bengalandelanga
Class 3 wālandela owālandela wālandela awulandelanga ongalandelanga ungalandelanga
Class 4 yālandela eyālandela yālandela ayilandelanga engalandelanga ingalandelanga
Class 5 lālandela elālandela lālandela alilandelanga elingalandelanga lingalandelanga
Class 6 ālandela ālandela ālandela awalandelanga angalandelanga engalandelanga
Class 7 sālandela esālandela sālandela asilandelanga esingalandelanga singalandelanga
Class 8 zālandela ezālandela zālandela azilandelanga ezingalandelanga zingalandelanga
Class 9 yālandela eyālandela yālandela ayilandelanga engalandelanga ingalandelanga
Class 10 zālandela ezālandela zālandela azilandelanga ezingalandelanga zingalandelanga
Class 11 lwālandela olwālandela lwālandela alulandelanga olungalandelanga lungalandelanga
Class 14 bālandela obālandela bālandela abulandelanga obungalandelanga bungalandelanga
Class 15 kwālandela okwālandela kwālandela akulandelanga okungalandelanga kungalandelanga
Class 17 kwālandela okwālandela kwālandela akulandelanga okungalandelanga kungalandelanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingalandela — ngingalandela ngingelandele — ngingelandele
2nd singular ungalandela — ungalandela ungelandele — ungelandele
1st plural singalandela — singalandela singelandele — singelandele
2nd plural ningalandela — ningalandela ningelandele — ningelandele
Class 1 angalandela — engalandela angelandele — engelandele
Class 2 bangalandela — bengalandela bangelandele — bengelandele
Class 3 ungalandela — ungalandela ungelandele — ungelandele
Class 4 ingalandela — ingalandela ingelandele — ingelandele
Class 5 lingalandela — lingalandela lingelandele — lingelandele
Class 6 angalandela — engalandela angelandele — engelandele
Class 7 singalandela — singalandela singelandele — singelandele
Class 8 zingalandela — zingalandela zingelandele — zingelandele
Class 9 ingalandela — ingalandela ingelandele — ingelandele
Class 10 zingalandela — zingalandela zingelandele — zingelandele
Class 11 lungalandela — lungalandela lungelandele — lungelandele
Class 14 bungalandela — bungalandela bungelandele — bungelandele
Class 15 kungalandela — kungalandela kungelandele — kungelandele
Class 17 kungalandela — kungalandela kungelandele — kungelandele
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizolandela engizolandela ngizolandela angizulandela engingezulandela ngingezulandela
2nd singular uzolandela ozolandela uzolandela awuzulandela ongezulandela ungezulandela
1st plural sizolandela esizolandela sizolandela asizulandela esingezulandela singezulandela
2nd plural nizolandela enizolandela nizolandela anizulandela eningezulandela ningezulandela
Class 1 uzolandela ozolandela ezolandela akazulandela ongezulandela engezulandela
Class 2 bazolandela abazolandela bezolandela abazulandela abangezulandela bengezulandela
Class 3 uzolandela ozolandela uzolandela awuzulandela ongezulandela ungezulandela
Class 4 izolandela ezolandela izolandela ayizulandela engezulandela ingezulandela
Class 5 lizolandela elizolandela lizolandela alizulandela elingezulandela lingezulandela
Class 6 azolandela azolandela ezolandela awazulandela angezulandela engezulandela
Class 7 sizolandela esizolandela sizolandela asizulandela esingezulandela singezulandela
Class 8 zizolandela ezizolandela zizolandela azizulandela ezingezulandela zingezulandela
Class 9 izolandela ezolandela izolandela ayizulandela engezulandela ingezulandela
Class 10 zizolandela ezizolandela zizolandela azizulandela ezingezulandela zingezulandela
Class 11 luzolandela oluzolandela luzolandela aluzulandela olungezulandela lungezulandela
Class 14 buzolandela obuzolandela buzolandela abuzulandela obungezulandela bungezulandela
Class 15 kuzolandela okuzolandela kuzolandela akuzulandela okungezulandela kungezulandela
Class 17 kuzolandela okuzolandela kuzolandela akuzulandela okungezulandela kungezulandela
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyolandela engiyolandela ngiyolandela angiyulandela engingeyulandela ngingeyulandela
2nd singular uyolandela oyolandela uyolandela awuyulandela ongeyulandela ungeyulandela
1st plural siyolandela esiyolandela siyolandela asiyulandela esingeyulandela singeyulandela
2nd plural niyolandela eniyolandela niyolandela aniyulandela eningeyulandela ningeyulandela
Class 1 uyolandela oyolandela eyolandela akayulandela ongeyulandela engeyulandela
Class 2 bayolandela abayolandela beyolandela abayulandela abangeyulandela bengeyulandela
Class 3 uyolandela oyolandela uyolandela awuyulandela ongeyulandela ungeyulandela
Class 4 iyolandela eyolandela iyolandela ayiyulandela engeyulandela ingeyulandela
Class 5 liyolandela eliyolandela liyolandela aliyulandela elingeyulandela lingeyulandela
Class 6 ayolandela ayolandela eyolandela awayulandela angeyulandela engeyulandela
Class 7 siyolandela esiyolandela siyolandela asiyulandela esingeyulandela singeyulandela
Class 8 ziyolandela eziyolandela ziyolandela aziyulandela ezingeyulandela zingeyulandela
Class 9 iyolandela eyolandela iyolandela ayiyulandela engeyulandela ingeyulandela
Class 10 ziyolandela eziyolandela ziyolandela aziyulandela ezingeyulandela zingeyulandela
Class 11 luyolandela oluyolandela luyolandela aluyulandela olungeyulandela lungeyulandela
Class 14 buyolandela obuyolandela buyolandela abuyulandela obungeyulandela bungeyulandela
Class 15 kuyolandela okuyolandela kuyolandela akuyulandela okungeyulandela kungeyulandela
Class 17 kuyolandela okuyolandela kuyolandela akuyulandela okungeyulandela kungeyulandela
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngilandele ngingalandeli
2nd singular ulandele ungalandeli
1st plural silandele singalandeli
2nd plural nilandele ningalandeli
Class 1 alandele angalandeli
Class 2 balandele bangalandeli
Class 3 ulandele ungalandeli
Class 4 ilandele ingalandeli
Class 5 lilandele lingalandeli
Class 6 alandele angalandeli
Class 7 silandele singalandeli
Class 8 zilandele zingalandeli
Class 9 ilandele ingalandeli
Class 10 zilandele zingalandeli
Class 11 lulandele lungalandeli
Class 14 bulandele bungalandeli
Class 15 kulandele kungalandeli
Class 17 kulandele kungalandeli
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngalandela ngangalandela, angalandela, angangalandela
2nd singular walandela wangalandela, awalandela, awangalandela
1st plural salandela sangalandela, asalandela, asangalandela
2nd plural nalandela nangalandela, analandela, anangalandela
Class 1 walandela wangalandela, akalandela, akangalandela
Class 2 balandela bangalandela, abalandela, abangalandela
Class 3 walandela wangalandela, awalandela, awangalandela
Class 4 yalandela yangalandela, ayalandela, ayangalandela
Class 5 lalandela langalandela, alalandela, alangalandela
Class 6 alandela angalandela, awalandela, awangalandela
Class 7 salandela sangalandela, asalandela, asangalandela
Class 8 zalandela zangalandela, azalandela, azangalandela
Class 9 yalandela yangalandela, ayalandela, ayangalandela
Class 10 zalandela zangalandela, azalandela, azangalandela
Class 11 lwalandela lwangalandela, alwalandela, alwangalandela
Class 14 balandela bangalandela, abalandela, abangalandela
Class 15 kwalandela kwangalandela, akwalandela, akwangalandela
Class 17 kwalandela kwangalandela, akwalandela, akwangalandela

References[edit]

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