njs

See also: NJS

Egyptian[edit]

3-lit.

(intransitive, with n or r, or transitive) to call to or call upon [since the Pyramid Texts]
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4:
  
  rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bj(ꜣ)t.sn m jjt ḥr.f
  So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.

Conjugation of njs (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: njs, geminated stem: njss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
njs	njsw, njs	njst	njs	njs

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
njs	ḥr njs	m njs	r njs

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	njs.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	njs	active + .tj¹, .tw²	njs	njs, njsw⁵, njsy⁵
imperfective	njs, njsy, njsw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	njs, njsj⁶, njsy⁶	njs, njsw⁵
prospective	njs, njstj⁷	—	njstj⁴, njst⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 251, 394.