phumela

Phuthi

Etymology

From -phuma +‎ -ela.

Verb

-phúméla

1. to make progress

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From -phuma +‎ -ela.

Verb

-phuméla

1. (intransitive) to come out to/in, to go out to/in, to exit to/in [+locative]

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuphumela
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuphumela	ukungaphumeli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	phumela	-phumele
Plural	phumelani	-phumeleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaphumela, ngiphumela	engiphumelayo, engiphumela	ngiphumela	angiphumeli	engingaphumeli	ngingaphumeli
2nd singular	uyaphumela, uphumela	ophumelayo, ophumela	uphumela	awuphumeli	ongaphumeli	ungaphumeli
1st plural	siyaphumela, siphumela	esiphumelayo, esiphumela	siphumela	asiphumeli	esingaphumeli	singaphumeli
2nd plural	niyaphumela, niphumela	eniphumelayo, eniphumela	niphumela	aniphumeli	eningaphumeli	ningaphumeli
Class 1	uyaphumela, uphumela	ophumelayo, ophumela	ephumela	akaphumeli	ongaphumeli	engaphumeli
Class 2	bayaphumela, baphumela	abaphumelayo, abaphumela	bephumela	abaphumeli	abangaphumeli	bengaphumeli
Class 3	uyaphumela, uphumela	ophumelayo, ophumela	uphumela	awuphumeli	ongaphumeli	ungaphumeli
Class 4	iyaphumela, iphumela	ephumelayo, ephumela	iphumela	ayiphumeli	engaphumeli	ingaphumeli
Class 5	liyaphumela, liphumela	eliphumelayo, eliphumela	liphumela	aliphumeli	elingaphumeli	lingaphumeli
Class 6	ayaphumela, aphumela	aphumelayo, aphumela	ephumela	awaphumeli	angaphumeli	engaphumeli
Class 7	siyaphumela, siphumela	esiphumelayo, esiphumela	siphumela	asiphumeli	esingaphumeli	singaphumeli
Class 8	ziyaphumela, ziphumela	eziphumelayo, eziphumela	ziphumela	aziphumeli	ezingaphumeli	zingaphumeli
Class 9	iyaphumela, iphumela	ephumelayo, ephumela	iphumela	ayiphumeli	engaphumeli	ingaphumeli
Class 10	ziyaphumela, ziphumela	eziphumelayo, eziphumela	ziphumela	aziphumeli	ezingaphumeli	zingaphumeli
Class 11	luyaphumela, luphumela	oluphumelayo, oluphumela	luphumela	aluphumeli	olungaphumeli	lungaphumeli
Class 14	buyaphumela, buphumela	obuphumelayo, obuphumela	buphumela	abuphumeli	obungaphumeli	bungaphumeli
Class 15	kuyaphumela, kuphumela	okuphumelayo, okuphumela	kuphumela	akuphumeli	okungaphumeli	kungaphumeli
Class 17	kuyaphumela, kuphumela	okuphumelayo, okuphumela	kuphumela	akuphumeli	okungaphumeli	kungaphumeli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiphumelile, ngiphumelē	engiphumelile, engiphumelē	ngiphumelile, ngiphumelē	angiphumelanga	engingaphumelanga	ngingaphumelanga
2nd singular	uphumelile, uphumelē	ophumelile, ophumelē	uphumelile, uphumelē	awuphumelanga	ongaphumelanga	ungaphumelanga
1st plural	siphumelile, siphumelē	esiphumelile, esiphumelē	siphumelile, siphumelē	asiphumelanga	esingaphumelanga	singaphumelanga
2nd plural	niphumelile, niphumelē	eniphumelile, eniphumelē	niphumelile, niphumelē	aniphumelanga	eningaphumelanga	ningaphumelanga
Class 1	uphumelile, uphumelē	ophumelile, ophumelē	ephumelile, ephumelē	akaphumelanga	ongaphumelanga	engaphumelanga
Class 2	baphumelile, baphumelē	abaphumelile, abaphumelē	bephumelile, bephumelē	abaphumelanga	abangaphumelanga	bengaphumelanga
Class 3	uphumelile, uphumelē	ophumelile, ophumelē	uphumelile, uphumelē	awuphumelanga	ongaphumelanga	ungaphumelanga
Class 4	iphumelile, iphumelē	ephumelile, ephumelē	iphumelile, iphumelē	ayiphumelanga	engaphumelanga	ingaphumelanga
Class 5	liphumelile, liphumelē	eliphumelile, eliphumelē	liphumelile, liphumelē	aliphumelanga	elingaphumelanga	lingaphumelanga
Class 6	aphumelile, aphumelē	aphumelile, aphumelē	ephumelile, ephumelē	awaphumelanga	angaphumelanga	engaphumelanga
Class 7	siphumelile, siphumelē	esiphumelile, esiphumelē	siphumelile, siphumelē	asiphumelanga	esingaphumelanga	singaphumelanga
Class 8	ziphumelile, ziphumelē	eziphumelile, eziphumelē	ziphumelile, ziphumelē	aziphumelanga	ezingaphumelanga	zingaphumelanga
Class 9	iphumelile, iphumelē	ephumelile, ephumelē	iphumelile, iphumelē	ayiphumelanga	engaphumelanga	ingaphumelanga
Class 10	ziphumelile, ziphumelē	eziphumelile, eziphumelē	ziphumelile, ziphumelē	aziphumelanga	ezingaphumelanga	zingaphumelanga
Class 11	luphumelile, luphumelē	oluphumelile, oluphumelē	luphumelile, luphumelē	aluphumelanga	olungaphumelanga	lungaphumelanga
Class 14	buphumelile, buphumelē	obuphumelile, obuphumelē	buphumelile, buphumelē	abuphumelanga	obungaphumelanga	bungaphumelanga
Class 15	kuphumelile, kuphumelē	okuphumelile, okuphumelē	kuphumelile, kuphumelē	akuphumelanga	okungaphumelanga	kungaphumelanga
Class 17	kuphumelile, kuphumelē	okuphumelile, okuphumelē	kuphumelile, kuphumelē	akuphumelanga	okungaphumelanga	kungaphumelanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāphumela	engāphumela	ngāphumela	angiphumelanga	engingaphumelanga	ngingaphumelanga
2nd singular	wāphumela	owāphumela	wāphumela	awuphumelanga	ongaphumelanga	ungaphumelanga
1st plural	sāphumela	esāphumela	sāphumela	asiphumelanga	esingaphumelanga	singaphumelanga
2nd plural	nāphumela	enāphumela	nāphumela	aniphumelanga	eningaphumelanga	ningaphumelanga
Class 1	wāphumela	owāphumela	āphumela	akaphumelanga	ongaphumelanga	engaphumelanga
Class 2	bāphumela	abāphumela	bāphumela	abaphumelanga	abangaphumelanga	bengaphumelanga
Class 3	wāphumela	owāphumela	wāphumela	awuphumelanga	ongaphumelanga	ungaphumelanga
Class 4	yāphumela	eyāphumela	yāphumela	ayiphumelanga	engaphumelanga	ingaphumelanga
Class 5	lāphumela	elāphumela	lāphumela	aliphumelanga	elingaphumelanga	lingaphumelanga
Class 6	āphumela	āphumela	āphumela	awaphumelanga	angaphumelanga	engaphumelanga
Class 7	sāphumela	esāphumela	sāphumela	asiphumelanga	esingaphumelanga	singaphumelanga
Class 8	zāphumela	ezāphumela	zāphumela	aziphumelanga	ezingaphumelanga	zingaphumelanga
Class 9	yāphumela	eyāphumela	yāphumela	ayiphumelanga	engaphumelanga	ingaphumelanga
Class 10	zāphumela	ezāphumela	zāphumela	aziphumelanga	ezingaphumelanga	zingaphumelanga
Class 11	lwāphumela	olwāphumela	lwāphumela	aluphumelanga	olungaphumelanga	lungaphumelanga
Class 14	bāphumela	obāphumela	bāphumela	abuphumelanga	obungaphumelanga	bungaphumelanga
Class 15	kwāphumela	okwāphumela	kwāphumela	akuphumelanga	okungaphumelanga	kungaphumelanga
Class 17	kwāphumela	okwāphumela	kwāphumela	akuphumelanga	okungaphumelanga	kungaphumelanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaphumela	—	ngingaphumela	ngingephumele	—	ngingephumele
2nd singular	ungaphumela	—	ungaphumela	ungephumele	—	ungephumele
1st plural	singaphumela	—	singaphumela	singephumele	—	singephumele
2nd plural	ningaphumela	—	ningaphumela	ningephumele	—	ningephumele
Class 1	angaphumela	—	engaphumela	angephumele	—	engephumele
Class 2	bangaphumela	—	bengaphumela	bangephumele	—	bengephumele
Class 3	ungaphumela	—	ungaphumela	ungephumele	—	ungephumele
Class 4	ingaphumela	—	ingaphumela	ingephumele	—	ingephumele
Class 5	lingaphumela	—	lingaphumela	lingephumele	—	lingephumele
Class 6	angaphumela	—	engaphumela	angephumele	—	engephumele
Class 7	singaphumela	—	singaphumela	singephumele	—	singephumele
Class 8	zingaphumela	—	zingaphumela	zingephumele	—	zingephumele
Class 9	ingaphumela	—	ingaphumela	ingephumele	—	ingephumele
Class 10	zingaphumela	—	zingaphumela	zingephumele	—	zingephumele
Class 11	lungaphumela	—	lungaphumela	lungephumele	—	lungephumele
Class 14	bungaphumela	—	bungaphumela	bungephumele	—	bungephumele
Class 15	kungaphumela	—	kungaphumela	kungephumele	—	kungephumele
Class 17	kungaphumela	—	kungaphumela	kungephumele	—	kungephumele
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizophumela	engizophumela	ngizophumela	angizuphumela	engingezuphumela	ngingezuphumela
2nd singular	uzophumela	ozophumela	uzophumela	awuzuphumela	ongezuphumela	ungezuphumela
1st plural	sizophumela	esizophumela	sizophumela	asizuphumela	esingezuphumela	singezuphumela
2nd plural	nizophumela	enizophumela	nizophumela	anizuphumela	eningezuphumela	ningezuphumela
Class 1	uzophumela	ozophumela	ezophumela	akazuphumela	ongezuphumela	engezuphumela
Class 2	bazophumela	abazophumela	bezophumela	abazuphumela	abangezuphumela	bengezuphumela
Class 3	uzophumela	ozophumela	uzophumela	awuzuphumela	ongezuphumela	ungezuphumela
Class 4	izophumela	ezophumela	izophumela	ayizuphumela	engezuphumela	ingezuphumela
Class 5	lizophumela	elizophumela	lizophumela	alizuphumela	elingezuphumela	lingezuphumela
Class 6	azophumela	azophumela	ezophumela	awazuphumela	angezuphumela	engezuphumela
Class 7	sizophumela	esizophumela	sizophumela	asizuphumela	esingezuphumela	singezuphumela
Class 8	zizophumela	ezizophumela	zizophumela	azizuphumela	ezingezuphumela	zingezuphumela
Class 9	izophumela	ezophumela	izophumela	ayizuphumela	engezuphumela	ingezuphumela
Class 10	zizophumela	ezizophumela	zizophumela	azizuphumela	ezingezuphumela	zingezuphumela
Class 11	luzophumela	oluzophumela	luzophumela	aluzuphumela	olungezuphumela	lungezuphumela
Class 14	buzophumela	obuzophumela	buzophumela	abuzuphumela	obungezuphumela	bungezuphumela
Class 15	kuzophumela	okuzophumela	kuzophumela	akuzuphumela	okungezuphumela	kungezuphumela
Class 17	kuzophumela	okuzophumela	kuzophumela	akuzuphumela	okungezuphumela	kungezuphumela
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyophumela	engiyophumela	ngiyophumela	angiyuphumela	engingeyuphumela	ngingeyuphumela
2nd singular	uyophumela	oyophumela	uyophumela	awuyuphumela	ongeyuphumela	ungeyuphumela
1st plural	siyophumela	esiyophumela	siyophumela	asiyuphumela	esingeyuphumela	singeyuphumela
2nd plural	niyophumela	eniyophumela	niyophumela	aniyuphumela	eningeyuphumela	ningeyuphumela
Class 1	uyophumela	oyophumela	eyophumela	akayuphumela	ongeyuphumela	engeyuphumela
Class 2	bayophumela	abayophumela	beyophumela	abayuphumela	abangeyuphumela	bengeyuphumela
Class 3	uyophumela	oyophumela	uyophumela	awuyuphumela	ongeyuphumela	ungeyuphumela
Class 4	iyophumela	eyophumela	iyophumela	ayiyuphumela	engeyuphumela	ingeyuphumela
Class 5	liyophumela	eliyophumela	liyophumela	aliyuphumela	elingeyuphumela	lingeyuphumela
Class 6	ayophumela	ayophumela	eyophumela	awayuphumela	angeyuphumela	engeyuphumela
Class 7	siyophumela	esiyophumela	siyophumela	asiyuphumela	esingeyuphumela	singeyuphumela
Class 8	ziyophumela	eziyophumela	ziyophumela	aziyuphumela	ezingeyuphumela	zingeyuphumela
Class 9	iyophumela	eyophumela	iyophumela	ayiyuphumela	engeyuphumela	ingeyuphumela
Class 10	ziyophumela	eziyophumela	ziyophumela	aziyuphumela	ezingeyuphumela	zingeyuphumela
Class 11	luyophumela	oluyophumela	luyophumela	aluyuphumela	olungeyuphumela	lungeyuphumela
Class 14	buyophumela	obuyophumela	buyophumela	abuyuphumela	obungeyuphumela	bungeyuphumela
Class 15	kuyophumela	okuyophumela	kuyophumela	akuyuphumela	okungeyuphumela	kungeyuphumela
Class 17	kuyophumela	okuyophumela	kuyophumela	akuyuphumela	okungeyuphumela	kungeyuphumela
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiphumele	ngingaphumeli
2nd singular	uphumele	ungaphumeli
1st plural	siphumele	singaphumeli
2nd plural	niphumele	ningaphumeli
Class 1	aphumele	angaphumeli
Class 2	baphumele	bangaphumeli
Class 3	uphumele	ungaphumeli
Class 4	iphumele	ingaphumeli
Class 5	liphumele	lingaphumeli
Class 6	aphumele	angaphumeli
Class 7	siphumele	singaphumeli
Class 8	ziphumele	zingaphumeli
Class 9	iphumele	ingaphumeli
Class 10	ziphumele	zingaphumeli
Class 11	luphumele	lungaphumeli
Class 14	buphumele	bungaphumeli
Class 15	kuphumele	kungaphumeli
Class 17	kuphumele	kungaphumeli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaphumela	ngangaphumela, angaphumela, angangaphumela
2nd singular	waphumela	wangaphumela, awaphumela, awangaphumela
1st plural	saphumela	sangaphumela, asaphumela, asangaphumela
2nd plural	naphumela	nangaphumela, anaphumela, anangaphumela
Class 1	waphumela	wangaphumela, akaphumela, akangaphumela
Class 2	baphumela	bangaphumela, abaphumela, abangaphumela
Class 3	waphumela	wangaphumela, awaphumela, awangaphumela
Class 4	yaphumela	yangaphumela, ayaphumela, ayangaphumela
Class 5	laphumela	langaphumela, alaphumela, alangaphumela
Class 6	aphumela	angaphumela, awaphumela, awangaphumela
Class 7	saphumela	sangaphumela, asaphumela, asangaphumela
Class 8	zaphumela	zangaphumela, azaphumela, azangaphumela
Class 9	yaphumela	yangaphumela, ayaphumela, ayangaphumela
Class 10	zaphumela	zangaphumela, azaphumela, azangaphumela
Class 11	lwaphumela	lwangaphumela, alwaphumela, alwangaphumela
Class 14	baphumela	bangaphumela, abaphumela, abangaphumela
Class 15	kwaphumela	kwangaphumela, akwaphumela, akwangaphumela
Class 17	kwaphumela	kwangaphumela, akwaphumela, akwangaphumela

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phumela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phumela (3.2.9)”