properus
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From prō- + the root of parō, pariō, thus signifying "readiness".
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpro.pe.rus/, [ˈprɔpɛrʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpro.pe.rus/, [ˈprɔːperus]
Adjective[edit]
properus (feminine propera, neuter properum, adverb properē); first/second-declension adjective
Usage notes[edit]
According to Döderlein, celer and citus mean "swift, fast, quick" in terms of quick motion (in general) with tardus as their antonym. More specifically, citus refers to a lively motion, whereas celer refers to an eager or impetuous motion.
On the other hand, pernīx and vēlōx as "quick" denote a level of athletic nimbleness in terms of bodily activity, with lentus as their antonym. More specifically, pernīx involves a level of dexterity and quickness in an eclectic range of actions (such as climbing, hurdling, jumping, vaulting, etc.); whereas vēlōx is especially used for running, swimming and flying (moving in a direction)
Thirdly, properus and festīnus as "quick" refer specifically to one's speed in terms of the shortest time to reach a destination, with sēgnis as their antonym. More specifically, festīnus intimates a certain level of impatience, whereas properus simply indicates a haste from energy simply.
Declension[edit]
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | properus | propera | properum | properī | properae | propera | |
| Genitive | properī | properae | properī | properōrum | properārum | properōrum | |
| Dative | properō | properō | properīs | ||||
| Accusative | properum | properam | properum | properōs | properās | propera | |
| Ablative | properō | properā | properō | properīs | |||
| Vocative | propere | propera | properum | properī | properae | propera | |
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “properus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “properus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- properus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.