raffermir

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French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From re- +‎ affermir.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʁa.fɛʁ.miʁ/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb[edit]

raffermir

  1. (transitive) to strengthen

Conjugation[edit]

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of raffermir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple raffermir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple raffermissant
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle raffermi
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present raffermis
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ 		raffermis
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ 		raffermit
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ 		raffermissons
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/ 		raffermissez
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.se/ 		raffermissent
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/
imperfect raffermissais
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ 		raffermissais
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ 		raffermissait
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ 		raffermissions
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ 		raffermissiez
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ 		raffermissaient
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/
past historic2 raffermis
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ 		raffermis
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ 		raffermit
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ 		raffermîmes
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mim/ 		raffermîtes
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mit/ 		raffermirent
/ʁa.fɛʁ.miʁ/
future raffermirai
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/ 		raffermiras
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/ 		raffermira
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/ 		raffermirons
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ 		raffermirez
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/ 		raffermiront
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/
conditional raffermirais
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ 		raffermirais
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ 		raffermirait
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ 		raffermirions
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/ 		raffermiriez
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁje/ 		raffermiraient
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present raffermisse
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ 		raffermisses
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ 		raffermisse
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ 		raffermissions
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ 		raffermissiez
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ 		raffermissent
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/
imperfect2 raffermisse
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ 		raffermisses
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ 		raffermît
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ 		raffermissions
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ 		raffermissiez
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ 		raffermissent
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — raffermis
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ 		— raffermissons
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/ 		raffermissez
/ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading[edit]

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