siarad
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Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
The verbal noun is "attested since Iolo Goch (14th century). T.A. Watkins (1961:97) quotes this as a possible loan from English charade";[1] if so, then probably ultimately from Occitan charrar (“to chat”) (compare French charade).[2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈʃarad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈʃaːrad/, /ˈʃarad/
Verb[edit]
siarad (first-person singular present siaradaf, not mutable)
- to speak; to talk.
- Siaradwch yn araf os gwelwch yn dda.
- Speak slowly please.
- Siaredir Cymraeg fan hyn.
- Welsh is spoken here.
- Mae Dafydd yn siarad â Megan.
- Dafydd is talking to Megan.
- Ni siaradwyd gair.
- Not a word was spoken.
- Clywedwyd hi'n siarad amdanat ti.
- She was heard talking about you.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | siaradaf | siaredi | sieryd | siaradwn | siaredwch, siaradwch | siaradant | siaredir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
siaradwn | siaradit | siaradai | siaradem | siaradech | siaradent | siaredid | |
| preterite | siaredais | siaredaist | siaradodd | siaradasom | siaradasoch | siaradasant | siaradwyd | |
| pluperfect | siaradaswn | siaradasit | siaradasai | siaradasem | siaradasech | siaradasent | siaradasid, siaradesid | |
| present subjunctive | siaradwyf | siaredych | siarado | siaradom | siaradoch | siaradont | siarader | |
| imperative | — | siarad | siaraded | siaradwn | siaredwch, siaradwch | siaradent | siarader | |
| verbal noun | siarad | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | — | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | siarada i, siaradaf i | siaradi di | siaradith o/e/hi, siaradiff e/hi | siaradwn ni | siaradwch chi | siaradan nhw |
| conditional | siaradwn i, siaradswn i | siaradet ti, siaradset ti | siaradai fo/fe/hi, siaradsai fo/fe/hi | siaraden ni, siaradsen ni | siaradech chi, siaradsech chi | siaraden nhw, siaradsen nhw |
| preterite | siaradais i, siarades i | siaradaist ti, siaradest ti | siaradodd o/e/hi | siaradon ni | siaradoch chi | siaradon nhw |
| imperative | — | siarada | — | — | siaradwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan: 2000, The Historical Morphology of the Welsh Verbal Noun, page 186. Maynooth.
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “siaradaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies