stāvoklis

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Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1870, from stāv(ēt) (to stand) +‎ -oklis, originally to mean simply “place, location,” but later on with wider meanings, including, in the late 1870s, “point of view” (a meaning now ascribed to viedoklis). The use of this word stabilized around the present range of meanings by the end of the 19th century.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

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Noun[edit]

stāvoklis m (2nd declension)

  1. position, location (spacial configuration that exists for some time)
    sēdus, guļus stāvoklissitting, standing position
    roku, ķermeņa stāvoklishand, body position
    auga lapu stāvoklisplant leaf position
    sākuma stāvoklisinitial position (of a moving body)
    debess spīdekļu stāvokļithe positions of celestibal bodies
    ģeogrāfisks stāvoklisgeographic location
  2. state, condition (present situation, present set of properties of a living being or object)
    nervu sistēmas stāvoklisthe state of the nervous system
    veselības stāvoklishealth state
    slimīgs, patoloģisks stāvoklissick, pathological condition
    bezsamaņas stāvoklisunconscious, comatose state
    reibuma stāvoklisdrunken state, drunkenness
    psihisks, emocionāls stāvoklismental, emotional state
    automobiļa tehniskais stāvoklisthe car's (technical) condition
  3. (physics) state, condition (set of properties (position, speed, interaction forces, etc.) at a given time that determine the situation of a physical system)
    kristālisks stāvokliscrystalline state
    termodinamisks stāvoklisthermodynamic state
    kritiskais stāvokliscritical state
    bezsvara stāvoklisweightless state (in space)
    miera stāvoklisstate of rest (i.e., motionless)
    stabils stāvoklisstable state
    parasti mēs apzināmies trīs vielas agregātstāvokļus: gāzveidīgo, šķidro un cietowe are usually aware of three states of matter (lit. aggregation): gaseous, liquid, and solid
  4. state, condition, position (social circumstances and relations that define or influence human behavior and action)
    cilvēka materiālais stāvoklisa person's material situation, condition
    neapskaužams stāvoklisunenviable condition, situation
    Evelīnas jautājumi bieži nostādīja Ako neērtā stāvoklīEvelīna's questions often placed Ako in an uncomfortable position
  5. state, position, standing, status (place in society, in an organization, in a business sector)
    sociālais stāvoklissocial status, position
    apspiestajās tautas masās auga neapmierinātība ar savu stāvoklithe dissatisfaction with their (social) standing grew among (lit. in) the oppressed popular masses
    bet tev, mans mīļais dēls, manas draudzīgās un bagātās kaimiņu valsts mantinieks, tev es dodu savu sevišķu svētību un sevišķas priekšrocības, kādas piemērotas tavam augstajam stāvoklimbut to you, my dear son, the heir of my friendly and rich neighboring country, to you I give my special blessing and privileges that are suitable to your high status
  6. state, situation, condition (set of legal, social, political norms and customs which determine or influence the behavior and actions (of a group, country, etc.)
    starptautiskais stāvoklisinternational situation
    politiskais stāvoklispolitical situation
    politiska saspilējuma stāvoklissituation of political tension
    kara stāvoklisstate of war
    valsts ekonomiskais stāvoklisa country's economic situation
    pilsētas sanitārais stāvoklisthe city's sanitary situation
    tiesisks stāvoklislegal status
    ģimenes stāvoklismarital status (lit. family situation)
  7. (in the locative; a shorter version of grūtniecības stavoklī) pregnant
    viņa sieva palika stavoklīhis wife became pregnant
    “tu zini?” “ko tad?” “viņai būs bērns! viņa ir stavoklī!”“do you know?” “what?” “she is having a baby! she is pregnant!” (lit. in the state)

Declension[edit]

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Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “stāvoklis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN