surku

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *surku, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *surgō (compare English sorrow, Swedish sorg).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsurku/, [ˈs̠urku]
• Rhymes: -urku
• Syllabification^(key): sur‧ku

Noun

surku

1. (dialectal or uncommon) pity
2. (dialectal or uncommon) sadness, sorrow

Usage notes

Only forms with the strong grade (surku-) are normally used, particularly the nominative and partitive singular.

Declension

Inflection of surku (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k-∅ gradation)
nominative		surku	surut
genitive		surun	surkujen
partitive		surkua	surkuja
illative		surkuun	surkuihin
		singular	plural
nominative		surku	surut
accusative	nom.	surku	surut
	gen.	surun
genitive		surun	surkujen
partitive		surkua	surkuja
inessive		surussa	suruissa
elative		surusta	suruista
illative		surkuun	surkuihin
adessive		surulla	suruilla
ablative		surulta	suruilta
allative		surulle	suruille
essive		surkuna	surkuina
translative		suruksi	suruiksi
abessive		surutta	suruitta
instructive		—	suruin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of surku (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k-∅ gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative surkuni surkuni accusative nom. surkuni surkuni gen. surkuni genitive surkuni surkujeni partitive surkuani surkujani inessive surussani suruissani elative surustani suruistani illative surkuuni surkuihini adessive surullani suruillani ablative surultani suruiltani allative surulleni suruilleni essive surkunani surkuinani translative surukseni suruikseni abessive suruttani suruittani instructive — — comitative — surkuineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative surkusi surkusi accusative nom. surkusi surkusi gen. surkusi genitive surkusi surkujesi partitive surkuasi surkujasi inessive surussasi suruissasi elative surustasi suruistasi illative surkuusi surkuihisi adessive surullasi suruillasi ablative surultasi suruiltasi allative surullesi suruillesi essive surkunasi surkuinasi translative suruksesi suruiksesi abessive suruttasi suruittasi instructive — — comitative — surkuinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative surkumme surkumme accusative nom. surkumme surkumme gen. surkumme genitive surkumme surkujemme partitive surkuamme surkujamme inessive surussamme suruissamme elative surustamme suruistamme illative surkuumme surkuihimme adessive surullamme suruillamme ablative surultamme suruiltamme allative surullemme suruillemme essive surkunamme surkuinamme translative suruksemme suruiksemme abessive suruttamme suruittamme instructive — — comitative — surkuinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative surkunne surkunne accusative nom. surkunne surkunne gen. surkunne genitive surkunne surkujenne partitive surkuanne surkujanne inessive surussanne suruissanne elative surustanne suruistanne illative surkuunne surkuihinne adessive surullanne suruillanne ablative surultanne suruiltanne allative surullenne suruillenne essive surkunanne surkuinanne translative suruksenne suruiksenne abessive suruttanne suruittanne instructive — — comitative — surkuinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative surkunsa surkunsa accusative nom. surkunsa surkunsa gen. surkunsa genitive surkunsa surkujensa partitive surkuaan surkuansa surkujaan surkujansa inessive surussaan surussansa suruissaan suruissansa elative surustaan surustansa suruistaan suruistansa illative surkuunsa surkuihinsa adessive surullaan surullansa suruillaan suruillansa ablative surultaan surultansa suruiltaan suruiltansa allative surulleen surullensa suruilleen suruillensa essive surkunaan surkunansa surkuinaan surkuinansa translative surukseen suruksensa suruikseen suruiksensa abessive suruttaan suruttansa suruittaan suruittansa instructive — — comitative — surkuineen surkuinensa

Derived terms

• surkea
• surkutella

 

compounds

• surkuhupainen
• surkuhupaisa

 

See also

• suru

Further reading

• “surku”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• rusku, skuru