Egyptian [ edit ]
Etymology [ edit ]
s- ( causative prefix ) + wꜥb ( “ to be clean ” ) .
Pronunciation [ edit ]
caus. 3-lit.
( transitive ) to clean , to purify
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of swꜥb (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: swꜥb
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
swꜥb
swꜥbw , swꜥb
swꜥbt
swꜥb
swꜥb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
swꜥb
ḥr swꜥb
m swꜥb
r swꜥb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
swꜥb.n
swꜥbw , swꜥb
consecutive
swꜥb.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
swꜥbt
perfective 3
swꜥb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
swꜥb.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
swꜥb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
swꜥbw , swꜥb , swꜥby
swꜥbw , swꜥb , swꜥby
potentialis1
swꜥb.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
swꜥb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
swꜥb.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
swꜥb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
swꜥb
swꜥb , swꜥbw 5 , swꜥby 5
imperfective
swꜥb , swꜥby , swꜥbw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
swꜥb , swꜥbj 6 , swꜥby 6
swꜥb , swꜥbw 5
prospective
swꜥb , swꜥbtj 7
—
swꜥbwtj 1 4 , swꜥbtj 4 , swꜥbt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
References [ edit ]
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 250 .
Hoch, James (1997 ) Middle Egyptian Grammar , Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN , page 93