teikt

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Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Baltic *teyk-, apparently from Proto-Indo-European *tek-, *tēk- (“to stretch (hands), to grab”). Semantic evolution: “to stretch one's arms, hands” → “to grab, to catch; to ask for (with a hand gesture)” → “to say something while asking for something, to ask for something orally” → “to say” (compare the meaning of Danish tigge, Old Swedish þiggia (“to get, to grab; to ask for”)). Cognates include Lithuanian teĩkti (“to wish; to give”) (dialectally also “to say, to tell, to inform”), teĩgti, téigti (“to assert, to say”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

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Verb[edit]

teikt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present teicu, teic, teic, past teicu)

  1. to say, to tell (to express something, especially something short, orally)
    teikt dažus vārdus ― to say a few words
    teikt patiesību ― to tell the truth
    teikt, sacīt labrītu (labdienu, labvakaru) ― to say good morning (good day, good evening)
    teikt, sacīt paldies ― to say thank you
    “neraudi, Zuze! un neļauj skuķiem brēkt”, Vilis aizsmacis teic ― “don't cry, Zuze! and don't let the children scream,” Vilis says hoarsely
  2. to say, to tell (to make something known, to inform about something)
    ja kādu satiec, teic savu nelaimi un tiksi no tās vaļā ― if you meet, run into someone, tell (him) your misfortune and you will get rid of it
  3. to say, to tell, to order, to warn
    “es jums teicu: ejiet ārā no veikala!” pārdevēja pacēla balsi ― “I told you: get out of the store!” the saleswoman raised her voice
    cik reižu nav teikts: mācies svešvalodas ― how many times is it said: learn foreign languages
  4. to say (to have and/or to express an oppinion; to express something in a work of art, or in a written text)
    teikt, sacīt savu vārdu ― to tell one's opinion (lit. to say one's word)
    “kas teica, ka tā būs atgriešanās pie individuālajām metodēm!” domāja Arturs ― “who/what said that this will be a return to individual methods!” Arturs thought
  5. (in the debitive 3rd person) it must be said, it must be admitted, I have to say (that...)
    “bet jāteic”, vēzis turpināja, “ka, arī no ūdens izrauti, mani brāļi nekrita izmisumā”
    “but I have to say,” the crayfish continued, “that, even pulled out of the water, my brothers did not fall into despair”
  6. (figuratively) to say (to express non-orally, with one's actions, facial expressions, etc.)
    viņš paskatījās uz savu vecāko dēlu ar tādu skatienu, kas nepārprotami teica: “vajadzētu ņemt siksnu” ― he looked at his eldest son with a look that clearly said: “(I) should get (my) belt (to hit you)”
  7. (figuratively) to say (to be, to happen in such a way that some conclusion or information can be deduced, obtained)
    katrs nams, kad to apskatīja no augšas līdz apakšai, teica kaut ko jaunu ― each house, when one looked at it from top to bottom, said something new
  8. (in the combination neteikt nekā, neteikt neko) to not reproach, to not condemn, to not complain (lit. to say nothing)
    šoreiz viņa nekā neteica par visām meitenēm, kas staigā bez galvassegām ― this time she said nothing about all the girls who were walking around without headgear
  9. (dated sense) to call, to consider (something as something else)
    visā pagastā Jāni ar Latiņu teic par laimīgu pāri ― in the whole parish (people) say (= call) Jānis and Latiņa a happy couple
    un man ir vienalga, ka bērza malku stiprāku teic ― and I don't care that they say (= consider) birch wood stronger
  10. (dated sense) to praise, to exalt
    dažu rudeni, dažu pavasari Silabriedis pat teica dievu, kad ar muižu nepalika parādā ― some autumn(s), some spring(s) Silabridis even praised god when the manor did not go in debt

Usage notes[edit]

The verbs sacīt and teikt seem to be near-perfect synonyms. Note, however, that the present tense forms of teikt are often not used; the corresponding forms of sacīt are much more frequent.

Conjugation[edit]

conjugation of teikt
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es teicu teicu teikšu —
2nd pers. sg. tu teic teici teiksi teic
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa teic teica teiks lai teic
1st pers. pl. mēs teicam teicām teiksim teiksim
2nd pers. pl. jūs teicat teicāt teiksiet,
teiksit 		teiciet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas teic teica teiks lai teic
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present teicot Present Active 1 (Adj.) teicošs
Past esot teicis Present Active 2 (Adv.) teikdams
Future teikšot Present Active 3 (Adv.) teicot
Imperative lai teicot Present Active 4 (Obj.) teicam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active teicis
Present teiktu Present Passive teicams
Past būtu teicis Past Passive teikts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jāteic Infinitive (nenoteiksme) teikt
Conjunctive 1 esot jāteic Negative Infinitive neteikt
Conjunctive 2 jāteicot Verbal noun teikšana

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

prefixed verbs:
other derived terms:

References[edit]

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “teikt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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