zarówno

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Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Univerbation of za +‎ równo. First attested in c. 1480. Compare Old Czech zarovno.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /zarɔːvnɔ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /zarovnɔ/

Adverb[edit]

zarówno

  1. the same, identically; with no difference
    • 1858 [c. 1408], “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, page 73:
      On dzyedzynny woyth chczyalby czyrpyecz sz myasthem... na szoszye y na gynszym myeszkym placzye zarowno z gynnymy myesczany [stacz] (aequaliter ceteris civibus)
      [On dziedzinny wojt chciałby cirpieć z miastem... na szosie i na jinszym mieskim płacie zarówno z jinnymi mieszczany [stacz] (aequaliter ceteris civibus)]

Descendants[edit]

  • Polish: zarówno
  • Silesian: zarōwno

References[edit]

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish zarówno. By surface analysis, univerbation of za +‎ równo.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /zaˈruv.nɔ/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /zaˈrov.nɔ/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -uvnɔ
  • Syllabification: za‧rów‧no

Conjunction[edit]

zarówno[1]

  1. (strictly with jak) both...and, used to bring the listener's attention to two objects
    Synonym: i... i...
    Wziął z torby zarówno książkę, jak i długopis.He took both a book and a pen out of the bag.

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), zarówno is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 58 times in scientific texts, 26 times in news, 44 times in essays, 9 times in fiction, and 1 time in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 138 times, making it the 138th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

Adverb[edit]

zarówno (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete) the same, identically; with no difference
  2. (obsolete) equally (at the same as someone else)

References[edit]

  1. ^ zarówno”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish], 2022
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “zarówno”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 749

Further reading[edit]