Egyptian [ edit ] Etymology [ edit ] zf ( “ to be(come) mild, merciful ” ) + -n
Pronunciation [ edit ] 3-lit.
( intransitive ) gentle or kindly ( intransitive ) merciful ( intransitive ) happy , to rejoice [Greco-Roman Period] Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of zfn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zfn , geminated stem: zfnn
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
zfn zfnw , zfn zfnt zfn zfn
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
zfn ḥr zfn m zfn r zfn
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
contingent
aspect / mood
active
perfect
zfn.n consecutive
zfn.jn
terminative
zfnt
perfective 3
zfn obligative1
zfn.ḫr
imperfective
zfn
prospective 3
zfn potentialis1
zfn.kꜣ
subjunctive
zfn
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
active
passive
perfect
zfn.n —
—
perfective
zfn zfn zfn , zfnw 5 , zfny 5
imperfective
zfn , zfny , zfnw 5 zfn , zfnj 6 , zfny 6 zfn , zfnw 5
prospective
zfn , zfntj 7 zfntj 4 , zfnt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zfn
sfn
[since the Middle Kingdom]
References [ edit ] Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1929 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] →ISBN pages 443.2–443.11 Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN page 224 
