Appendix:Proto-Tujia reconstructions

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The following list of Proto-Tujia (Proto-Bizic) reconstructions is from Zhou (2020).

The reconstructions are supported by synchronic data from:

  • Tasha Village, Longshan County
  • Husi dialect: Laxidong Village, Longshan County
  • Xianren, Baojing County
  • Xiaolongre Village, Guzhang County
  • Cebu Village (下都), Luxi County
  • Caji-adi Village (下且己), Luxi County

List[edit]

No. English gloss Chinese gloss Proto-Bizic Tasha Laxidong Xianren Xiaolongre Cebu Caji-adi
1 look *bɑ¹ᴸ pa⁵¹ pa⁵³ pa⁵⁴ pa⁵³ bo³⁵; bo¹³
2 to burn 燃燒 *dɑ¹ᴹ ta⁵¹ do⁵⁵ ta⁵¹ (2006S)
3 to pound *dɑ⁴ ta²⁴ 'to fall' do²¹ do²¹ '踩 (to step on)'
4 to drip *dɑ¹ᴴ ta⁵⁵ ta⁵³ ʦʰə⁵⁴ ta⁵⁴ '滴水 (water drips)' do⁵⁵
5 to wear 穿 *dɑ⁴ ta²⁴ ta³⁵ ta³⁵ ta³⁵ do²¹
6 to grip *dzɑ¹ᴹ ʦa⁵³ '拿 (to hold)' ʦa⁵⁴ ʦa⁵³ dzo¹³
7 to step on *ʥɑ⁴ ʦa²⁴ ʦa³⁵ ʦa³⁵ do²¹
8 to bite *gɑ³ ka⁵¹ ka³⁵ ka³⁵ ka³⁵ go¹³ go⁵³
9 crow 烏鴉 *gɑ² ka²¹ ka²¹ a³³-³¹ kã³³; a³³ ka⁵⁴ go³⁵
10 to marry (receive) *ɣɑ² a²¹ a²¹ ɣa³³; ɣa⁵⁴ ɣa²¹ a³⁵
11 to write *ɣɑ³ a²⁴ a³⁵ ɣa³⁵ ɣa³⁵ wo⁵⁵
12 to go pass v. *ɣɑ³ a²⁴ a³⁵ ɣa³⁵ a²¹ wo⁵⁵
13 to feed *ɣɑ¹ᴸ a⁵¹ a⁵³ a⁵⁴ ɣa⁵³ ʔo¹³
14 firewood *kʰɑ² kʰa²¹ kʰa⁵⁴; kʰa³³ tʰõ³³ '木头 (wood)' kʰa²¹; kʰa⁵⁵ muŋ⁵⁵ '树' kʰo³⁵
15 to lick *lɑ⁴ la²⁴ la³⁵ la³⁵ lio²¹ lo²¹
16 to sew *lɑ² la²¹ la²¹ la³³ la²¹ lo³⁵
17 road *lɑ¹ᴹ la⁵¹ la⁵³ la⁵⁴ lo³³
18 son-in-law 女婿 *mɑ⁴ ma²⁴ ma³⁵ ma³³; ma³⁵ mo²¹ ŋɨ²¹
19 I *ŋɑ¹ᴹ ŋa²⁴ ŋa³⁵ (nom.); ŋa⁵³ (acc.) ŋa³³ ŋa³⁵ ŋo³³
20 to cut with knife *ŋɑ¹ᴸ ŋa⁵¹ ŋa⁵³ ŋã⁵⁴ ŋ⁵⁵(typo?) ŋo¹³
21 small *sɑ¹ᴹ suã⁵¹ suan⁵³ so⁵⁴ suã⁵³ sa³³
22 to split *sɑ¹ᴴ sa⁵⁵ sa⁵⁵ sa⁵⁴ sa²¹ so⁵⁵
23 silkworm *sɑ¹ᴹ sai⁵¹ sai⁵³ so³³ so³³ ȵi⁵⁵
24 to float *tʰɑ² tʰa²¹ tʰa²¹ tʰa³³ to³⁵ (Xu 2020)
25 good *ʦʰɑ⁴ ʦʰa²⁴ ʦʰa³⁵ ʦʰa³³-³⁵ ʦʰai³⁵ ʦʰo²¹
26 to wash *zɑ²/? ʦa²⁴ ʦa³⁵ ʦa³³ ʦa³⁵ ʦʰe³³ zo¹³ zo³⁵ (sʰower)
27 negative imperative 禁止 *tæ¹ᴴ tʰa⁵¹ tʰa⁵³ tʰa³³ ta³³; ta²¹; ta¹³
28 to pull *ʦʰæ² ʨʰi⁵³ ʨʰa³⁵ ʦʰa³⁵ ʦʰa³⁵
29 to rise (water) *dɑC² tuɔ²¹ 'tɔ flɔw' da³⁵; da¹³ da²¹; da³⁵
30 to chop *dɑC¹ᴸ tuɔ⁵¹ to⁵³ '砍' tu⁵⁴ to³³ da¹³
31 to beg 乞討 *gɑC⁴ ko³⁵ ko³⁵ ga²¹
32 pro-3rd-sg *kɑC¹ᴹ kuɔ²⁴ ko³⁵ (nom.); ko⁵³ (acc.) ko³³ ko³⁵ ka³³
33 to break (from the middle) *kʰɑC² kʰuɔ²¹ kʰo²¹ kʰa³⁵
34 to boil *lɑC³ lo³⁵ lo³⁵ la⁵⁵
35 person *ȵɑC¹ᴹ luɔ⁵¹ lo⁵³ no⁵⁴ lo⁵³; lo⁵⁵ ȵa³³
36 silver 銀子 *ŋɑC¹ᴹ ŋɔ⁵¹ ŋo⁵³ ŋo⁵⁴ ŋo⁵³ ŋa³³
37 to wash *[ŋ/ʔ]ɑC¹ᴴ wɔ⁵⁵ o⁵³ ɣo⁵⁴ wo⁵⁵ ŋa⁵⁵
38 to release *pʰɑC¹ᴴ pʰɔ⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³ pʰo⁵⁴ pʰa⁵⁵
39 earth *ɹɑC¹ᴴ zuɔ⁵¹ zo⁵³ '土' zo³⁵ zo⁵⁵ za⁵⁵
40 sheep, goat *ɹɑC⁴ zuɔ²⁴ zo³⁵ zo³⁵ zo²¹ zo²¹ nũ²¹; zo²¹ loŋ²¹
41 house 房子 *ʦʰɑC¹ᴹ ʦʰuɔ⁵¹ ʦʰo⁵³ ʦʰo⁵⁴ ʦʰu⁵⁵; ʦʰu⁵⁵ 'ʰome' ʦʰo³³
42 to carry on the back v. *ʔɑC¹ᴹ wɔ⁵¹ o⁵³ wo⁵⁵ ʔa³³
43 bovine *ʔɑw⁴ au³⁵ au³⁵ o²¹
44 iron *ɕe¹ᴹ ɕiɛ⁵¹ ɕe⁵⁴ ɕe⁵⁴ ɕe⁵³ ɕe³³
45 to swing *ɕe² ɕe²¹ '摇' ɕie³⁵
46 hand *ʥe³ ʨiɛ²⁴ ʨe³⁵ ʨe³⁵ ʨe³⁵ a³⁵ ʥie⁵⁵ ʔa³⁵ ʨe⁵³
47 to compel *[p/pʰ]e ? pie²¹ pie²¹
48 to scrape *pʰe¹ᴴ pʰiɛ⁵¹ 'tɔ pluck' pʰiɛ⁵⁴; pʰie⁵⁴ pʰie⁵³ pʰie⁵⁵
49 mouse *ɹe² zɤ²¹ ze²¹ zə³³ ze²¹ ze³⁵
50 wine *ɹe⁴ zɤ²⁴ ze³⁵ zə³⁵ ze³⁵ ze²¹
51 to swallow *ɹe⁴ zɤ²⁴ ze³⁵ zə³³ ze³⁵ ze³⁵; ze¹³ ze¹³; ze²¹
52 medicine *se² se⁵³ ʦo⁵³ '医生 (doctor)' sə⁵⁴ se²¹ se³⁵
53 to die *se⁴ sɤ²⁴ se³⁵ sə³⁵ tʰu³³ '死的 (dead)'; sə³³; no⁵⁴ sə³⁵ '死人 (dead person)' se³⁵ se²¹
54 water *ʦʰe² ʦʰɤ²¹ ʦʰe²¹ ʦʰə⁵⁴; ʦʰə³³ in '打水 (to get water)' ʦʰe²¹ ʦʰe³⁵
55 to arrive *ʔe ? jɛ⁵¹ ie⁵³ ʑe⁵⁴ je⁵⁵ lio⁵⁵ je²¹ '去'
56 Hmongic 苗族 *b[e/ɤ] ? pe³⁵ kʰa²¹ pɯə³⁵ kʰa⁵⁴ bie³³ bie³¹ ʕɯ³¹ ȵia²¹
57 sleep *ȵ[e/ɤ]⁴ ȵiɛ²⁴ ȵie³⁵ ȵe³³ pie⁵⁵ ʦe³³ '困' ȵe²¹
58 to laugh *ȵ[e/ɤ]¹ᴹ ȵiɛ⁵¹ ȵie⁵³ ȵie⁵⁴ ȵe⁵³ ȵie³³
59 riped *beC[¹ᴹ/¹ᴴ] pɤ²¹ pɤi⁵⁵ pɯe³³ bɯ³³ bɯ⁵³; bɯu⁵³
60 to blow *meC³ miɛ²⁴ mie³⁵ mie³⁵; miɛ³⁵ mie³⁵ mi⁵⁵ mi⁵³
61 to steal *ɣɤ³ e³⁵ ɣə³⁵; ɣɯ³⁵ ɣəu³⁵ ɣɯe⁵³
62 to steal *xɤ ? xɤ²¹ ʕe⁵⁵
63 to carry *bɤ¹ᴹ pɤ⁵¹ pɯe⁵⁴; po⁵⁴ pɯe⁵⁵ bie³³; bɨe³³ '抬'
64 to think *dɤ³ tiɛ²⁴ tie³⁵ tie³⁵ tie³⁵ de⁵⁵ die⁵³
65 slow *dɤ¹ᴴ mã²⁴ te⁵³ tie³⁵ die²¹ mo²¹ mo²¹ de⁵⁵ de⁵³
66 to broke in the middle *dɤ² te²¹ tie³³ kʰa³³ la³³ '破烂' so⁵⁵ tie²¹ '割断 (to cut)' de³⁵ die³⁵
67 drunk *ʥɤ² ʨiɛ²¹ ʨe²¹ ʨe³³ die³⁵
68 to fear *gɤ¹ᴹ kɤ⁵¹ ke⁵³ kɯə⁵⁴ ge³³
69 long *ɣɤ² ɣɤ²¹ e²¹ ɣə³³-³¹ ɣəu²¹ ɣe³⁵
70 to give, to feed *lɤ³ liɛ²⁴ le³⁵ lie³³-³⁵ lie³⁵ lie⁵⁵
71 to lay (egg) *lɤ¹ᴴ le⁵⁵ la⁵³ xu²¹ 'given birth (生下来了)' lie³³ lie⁵⁵ lie²¹; lie⁵³
72 sky *mɤ⁴ mɤ²⁴ me³⁵ mɯe³⁵ mɯe³⁵ mɨe²¹
73 to lie on one's belly 'to lie down' *pʰɤ² pʰɤ²¹ pʰɯe³³ pʰɨe³⁵
74 to wrap *pʰɤ¹ᴴ pʰɤ⁵⁵ pʰe⁵³ a⁵⁴ pʰɯe³³-³¹ pʰe⁵⁵
75 to lie down, to lower one's head 低頭 *pʰɤ² pʰe²¹ pʰe³⁵
76 grandson 孫子 *ɹɤ¹ᴹ zɤ⁵¹ ze⁵³ zə³⁵ pi³⁵-³³; zə³⁵-⁵⁴ zə⁵³ pi³⁵ ze³³
77 feces *sɤ² sɤ²¹ se²¹ sə³³ sə²¹ se³⁵
78 to plant, to stick in *sɤ¹ᴴ sɤ⁵⁵ 'tɔ sɔw' se⁵³ sə⁵⁴ sə⁵⁵ se⁵⁵
79 female genital 女陰 *tʰɤ² tʰiɛ²¹ tʰe²¹ tʰie⁵⁴ tʰe³⁵ (Xu 2020) tʰe³⁵ bu²¹
80 to pick (flower) *tʰɤ³ tʰiɛ²⁴ tʰe³⁵ tʰie⁵⁵ tʰie⁵³
81 rain *ʦɤ² mɤ²⁴ ʦɤ²¹ me³⁵ ʦe²¹ mɯe³⁵ dzə²¹ ze²¹
82 to be willing to *ʦʰɤ³ -ʦʰɤ⁵⁵ ʦʰe³³ ʦʰə³⁵ '愿意' ʦʰɨe⁵⁵
83 to rain *zɤ² ʦɤ²¹ ʦe²¹ ʦə³³ dzə²¹ ze³⁵ ze³⁵
84 soft 柔軟 *bɤC¹ᴴ pɤ²⁴; pɤ²¹ pɤi⁵⁵ pɯɛ³³ pɯɛ³³-³⁵ pɯe²¹ pɯe³⁵ die²¹ bɯ³⁵
85 similar *dzɤC² ʦɤ²¹ ta⁵³ ʦe²¹ ʦə³³ dzɿ³⁵
86 diluted *bi¹ᴴ kʰa⁵⁵ piɛ⁵⁵ 'wet' kʰa⁵⁴ pi³³ lie³³ pie⁵⁵ bi⁵⁵
87 flat *bi¹ᴹ pi²¹ pi²¹ tʰa²¹ tʰa²¹ bi³¹; bi³³
88 sharp 鋒利 *ɕi¹ᴸ ɕi⁵¹ ɕi⁵³ ɕi⁵⁴ ɣa³⁵ kau⁵⁵ ɕi¹³ ʨie '使锐利'
89 to need, to owe 需要 *di¹ᴸ ti⁵³ ti⁵⁴ ti⁵³ di³⁵; di¹³
90 sickness *di⁴ ti³⁵ 'painful (痛)' ti³⁵ di²¹; dɯ²¹
91 to become 變成 *dzi ? ʦɿ²⁴ ʦi³⁵ ʥi⁵⁵ lio⁵⁵ ʥi³⁵
92 to walk *ɣi⁴ ɣɨ²⁴ ei³⁵ ɣə³³-³⁵ ɣɯ³⁵ ɣi³⁵; ɣi²¹
93 to sweep *ɣi² ɣɨ²¹ ei²¹ ɣɯ³³; ə³³ ɣɯ²¹ ʔɨ⁵⁵ ɣɯ³⁵
94 to cut with a saw *kʰi ? kʰi³⁵ kʰɯ³⁵ kʰɯ³⁵ kʰi³³
95 hard 堅硬 *kʰi¹ᴸ kʰi⁵³ kʰɯ⁵³ kʰi¹³ kʰɨ¹³ '浓稠' (1986S)
96 fire *mi¹ᴴ mi⁵¹ mi⁵⁵ mi⁵⁴ mi⁵⁵ mi⁵⁵
97 to spread out *mi² mi²¹ mi³³ mi³⁵
98 you *ȵi¹ᴹ ȵi²⁴ ȵi³⁵ (nom.); ȵi⁵³ (acc.) ȵi³³ ȵi³⁵; ȵi⁵⁵ ȵi³³
99 to lend 借出 *ŋi¹ᴴ oŋ⁵³ ɣõ⁵⁴ ŋɨ⁵⁵
100 five *ŋi¹ᴹ ɔ̃⁵⁵ oŋ³⁵ pu⁵³ õ⁵⁴ na⁵⁴ xu³³ uŋ⁵⁵ ŋi³³
101 to puke 嘔吐 *pʰi³ pʰi²⁴ pʰi³⁵ pʰi³³ pʰi³⁵ pʰi⁵⁵
102 to get 得到 *ti ? tʰi²¹ tʰi²¹ tʰi³³ tʰi²¹ lio⁵⁵ ti⁵⁵
103 scale *ʨʰi¹ᴹ ʨʰi⁵¹ ʨʰi⁵³ ʨʰi⁵⁴ ʨʰi⁵³ 'to measure the weight of' ʨʰi³³
104 jin *ʨʰi¹ᴹ ʨʰi⁵⁵ ʨʰi⁵³ ʨʰi³³ ʨʰi³³ ʨʰi²¹
105 paint *ʨʰi⁴ ʨʰi³⁵ ʨʰi²¹ (Yang 2011)
106 to wait 等待 *tʰi¹ᴹ tʰi⁵⁵ tʰi⁵⁴ tʰi²¹ bo²¹ tʰi³³
107 to rest 休息 *xi[¹ᴹ/¹ᴴ] xɨ⁵¹ xei⁵³ xɯ⁵⁴; xəu⁵⁴ xɯ⁵⁵ bo²¹ ʕi³³
108 to see 看見 *ʔi² ji²¹ i²¹ ʑi³³ ji²¹ lio⁵⁵ bo³⁵ ji³⁵
109 have *ʔi ? tʰai²⁴ 'tɔ nɔt have' tʰai³⁵ 'to not have' tʰɛ³⁵ ɕe³⁵ ji³⁵
110 to cry *dziC⁴ ʦɿ²⁴ ʦi³⁵ ʨi³³ ʥi³⁵ ʥi²¹
111 tiger 老虎 *lie⁴ li²⁴ li³⁵ li³³; li³⁵ li³⁵ pa⁵⁵ lie²¹
112 to light up 點燃 *tʰie⁴ tʰi³⁵ tʰi³⁵ tʰi²¹ tʰe²¹
113 to answer 答應 *tʰie³ tʰi³⁵ tʰi³³; tʰi³⁵ tʰi³⁵ tʰɨ²¹ tʰe²¹
114 to grow fruit 果子 *dzɿ² ʨi²⁴ ʦi²¹ ʦɿ³³ '成 (to become)' dzi³⁵
115 pig *dzɿ¹ᴸ ʦɿ⁵¹ ʦi⁵³ ʦɿ⁵⁴ ʦɿ⁵³ dzi¹³
116 rice, meal *dzɿ² ʦɿ²¹ ʦi²¹ ʦɿ³³ dzɿ²¹ dzi³⁵
117 to snow *dzɿ³ su²⁴ su⁵⁵ ʦɿ²⁴ ʦi³⁵ ʦɿ³⁵ dzi⁵⁵
118 net *ɹɿ¹ᴴ zi²¹ zɿ⁵⁴ zi⁵⁵ (Xu 2020)
119 to do *ɹɿ¹ᴸ zɿ⁵⁵ zi⁵³ zɿ⁵⁴ zɿ⁵⁵ zi¹³
120 many *ɹɿ² zɿ²¹ zi²¹ zɿ³³ zɿ²¹ zi³⁵
121 meat *sɿ² sɿ²⁴ ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵⁴ si²¹; sɿ²¹ si³⁵
122 fat (adj.) *sɿ⁴ si³⁵ sɿ³³; sɿ³⁵ se²¹ sɿ³⁵ si²¹
123 to send away *sɿ⁴ sɿ²¹ ⁵ sɿ³⁵ si²¹
124 to grow 生長 *sɿ² sɿ²⁴ ⁵⁵ sɿ³³ '长' si³⁵ '生(小孩)'
125 boat *bu¹ᴸ pu⁵¹ pu⁵³ pu⁵⁴ pei⁵³ bu¹³
126 to pound *bu³ pu²⁴ pu³⁵ '磕 (to knock)' bu⁵⁵ '打'
127 to stand *ʥu¹ᴹ ʦu⁵⁵ ʦu⁵¹; ʦu⁵⁵ ʦu⁵⁴ ʦu³³ ʦu⁵⁵ du³³
128 to crawl *gu² ku²¹ ku⁵⁴ ku²¹ gu³⁵
129 sell *lu² lu²¹ lu²¹ lu³³ lu²¹ lu¹³
130 to lend out 借出 *lu⁴ lu³⁵ gu²¹ lu²¹ lu²¹ '借钱'
131 buy *pʰu¹ᴴ pʰu⁵⁵ pʰei⁵³ pʰu⁵⁴ pʰu⁵⁵ pʰu⁵⁵
132 daughter-in-law 兒媳 *pʰu⁴ pʰu²⁴ pʰu³⁵ pʰu³⁵ pʰu²¹ ŋɨ²¹
133 dragon *pʰu⁴ pʰu²⁴ pʰu³⁵ pʰu³³ pʰo²¹ pʰ̬o²¹ nũ²¹
134 light-weighted *ɹu¹ᴸ ʨʰĩ⁵⁵ zu⁵³ zu⁵⁴ zu⁵³ zu¹³
135 to crow *ɹu⁴ zɔ̃²⁴ zoŋ³⁵ zõ³⁵ '叫' zuŋ³⁵ zu²¹
136 to water (a plant) *tu⁴ tʰu³⁵ tʰu³³ to³⁵ (Xu 2020)
137 to contain *ʨu¹ᴸ ʦʰu⁵¹ ʦʰu⁵³ ʦʰu⁵⁴ tu¹³ du¹³
138 to pick up *tʰu¹ᴴ tʰu⁵³ tʰu⁵⁵ tʰu³³ tʰu⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵
139 straight *ʦʰu² ʦʰu²¹ ʦʰu²¹ ʦʰu³⁵ ʦʰu³⁵ ʦʰu³⁵ ʦʰu¹³
140 swollen *xu² xu²¹ xu²¹ xu³³ fu³⁵
141 drill 鑽子 *ʔu¹ᴴ wu⁵⁵ ʦuã³³ wu⁵⁵
142 to measure *ʔu¹ᴹ wu²¹ u²¹ ɣu⁵⁴; wu⁵⁴ wu³³ '量(布)'; wu¹³ '量(米)'
143 rice steamer 甑子 *buŋ¹ᴹ pɔ̃⁵¹ põ⁵⁴ bɯ³³
144 short *dzuŋ¹ᴸ ʦoŋ⁵³ ʦõ⁵⁴ dzɯ¹³
145 rotten 腐爛 *[l/n]uŋ¹ᴴ lɔ̃⁵⁵ loŋ⁵⁵ '朽' luŋ⁵⁵ ɕe²¹ nẽ⁵⁵
146 to feed 飼養 *nuŋ¹ᴹ loŋ⁵³ nõ⁵⁵; nõ⁵⁴ luŋ⁵⁵ nẽ³³; lẽ³³
147 year *ȵuŋ² lɔ̃⁵⁵ loŋ²¹ nõ³³ ȵɯ³⁵
148 to cough 咳嗽 *ȵuŋ¹ᴴ lɔ̃⁵⁵ loŋ⁵³ se²¹ ȵu⁵⁴; nõ⁵⁴ nuŋ⁵⁵ zo²¹ ȵɯ⁵⁵
149 to steam *tuŋ¹ᴹ tʰɔ̃⁵¹ tʰoŋ⁵³ tʰõ⁵⁴ tʰuŋ⁵³ tɯ³³
150 to open 打開 *tʰuŋ⁴ tʰɔ̃²⁴ tʰoŋ³⁵ tʰõ³⁵ tʰuŋ³⁵ tʰɯ²¹
151 to sit *ʔuŋ² ɔ̃²¹ oŋ²¹ ɣõ³⁵ '住 (to live at)' uŋ²¹ ʔɯ³⁵
152 to grow up 長大 *ʔuŋ⁴ ɔ̃²⁴ oŋ³⁵ õ³⁵ uŋ³⁵ ʔɯ²¹
153 to fry 油炸 *bɯ¹ᴹ pu²¹ bu⁵³
154 to soak 浸泡 *bɯ¹ᴸ pu⁵³ pu⁵⁴ po³³-³¹ bɯ¹³
155 heavy *dɯ¹ᴸ ʦɔ̃²⁴ tu⁵² tu⁵⁴ tu⁵³ dɯ¹³
156 to exit *dzɯ³ ʦʰɿ²¹ ʦu³⁵ ʦu³³-³⁵ ʦu³⁵ dzɯ⁵⁵
157 to belong to a Chinese zodiac *dzɯ⁴ ʦu³⁵ ʦu³³ ɕe³³ dzʉ¹³ (Xu 2020)
158 drink *xɯ² xu²¹ xu²¹ xu³³ xu⁵⁵ ħɯ³⁵
159 to burn *ʔɯ³ wu²⁴ u³⁵ wu³⁵; wu⁵⁴-³³ ʔɯ⁵⁵
1001 male genital 男生 *ɹiC² zɿ²¹ zi²¹ '男根' ʑi⁵⁴ ji¹³ doŋ²¹
1002 what 什麼 *ʦʰ[V]¹ᴴ ʨʰiɛ⁵¹ ʦʰi⁵⁵ ʦʰi⁵³ ʨʰe³⁵ ʨʰe³⁵ ɕi³⁵ ʦʰɯ⁵⁵ ɣo²¹
1003 head *bɑ¹ᴴ kʰo⁵³ pa⁵³ kʰu⁵⁵ pa³³-³¹; kʰo⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ kʰo⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ a¹³ bo⁵⁵
1004 male *bɑ¹ᴹ -a⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ a⁵³ pa²¹ za³³ pa³³ '公鸡 (cock)' bo³³
1005 dry *gɑ² a⁵⁵ ka²¹ a⁵⁵ ka²¹ a⁵⁴ ka³³ ka²¹; a⁵⁵ ka²¹ go³⁵
1006 thick *lɑ¹ᴹ la²⁴ la³⁵ la³³ la³⁵ ʔa²¹ lo²¹
1007 mosquito 蚊子 *mɑ¹ᴹ ma⁵⁵ kʰu²¹ li²¹ ma⁵³ kʰo⁵³ li²¹ dzɨ³³ mo³³ dzɿ²¹ mo²¹; dzɿ²¹ mao²¹;
1008 cloth *nɑ¹ᴹ sɿ⁵⁵ lã⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ lan⁵³ kʰa⁵³ pʰu⁵³ '土家织锦' ĩ⁵⁴ na³³ '被子 (quilt)' ɕin⁵⁵ nã⁵⁵ '被子 (quilt)' lo³³
1009 black *nɑ⁴ lã²⁴ ka⁵⁵ lan³⁵ ka²¹ nõ³⁵ ka³³ lã³⁵ ka⁵³ lo²¹ lo²¹
1010 fan 扇子 *nɑ ? lã²¹ ʨʰiɛ²¹ lan²¹ ʨʰe⁵³ lã³³ ʦʰɛ³⁵ no²¹ zo²¹
1011 to expose under sun *nɑ² lã²¹ lã²⁴ lan²¹ lan⁵³ na³³ na³⁵ lo³⁵ ʰo¹³
1012 bad *ȵɑ⁴ ɕi²⁴ lã⁵⁵ nã³³ ȵi³³ nã³³ ɕi³⁵ la³⁵ ki⁴⁴ ȵo²¹
1013 song *pʰɑ¹ᴴ pʰa²¹ pʰa⁵⁵ 'stɔry' a¹³ pʰo⁵⁵
1014 old lady 老太太 *pʰɑ⁴ pʰa²⁴ ȵi⁵⁵ pʰa³³ pʰa³⁵ '曾祖母 (grandma)' pʰo³³
1015 Chinese *pʰɑ¹ᴴ pʰa⁵⁵ pʰa⁵⁵ kʰa³³ pʰa⁵⁵ lie²¹ ʕei⁵⁵ wu²¹ '汉族 (Han people)'
1016 hairs 頭髮 *sɑ⁴ sa²⁴ ʨʰi⁵⁵ sa³⁵ ʨʰi⁵³ sa³⁵ ʨʰi³³ sa³⁵ ʨʰi⁵⁵ ʔa²¹ so²¹
1017 cedar tree *sɑ⁴ sa²⁴ kʰa²¹ mɔ̃²¹ sa³⁵ kʰa²¹ kʰa²¹ moŋ²¹ sa⁵⁴ kʰa⁵⁴ mu³³ so²¹
1018 to weave *tɑ¹ᴹ tʰa⁵¹ tʰa⁵³ tʰa⁵⁴ to³³ ʨi³³
1019 sour *ʔɑ² a²¹ pʰi²⁴ pʰi⁵⁵ a²¹ pʰi⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ ɣa³³ pʰi³³ pʰi³³ ɣa²¹ pʰi⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ wo³⁵; ɣo³⁵
1020 sun 太陽 *nɑw² lau²¹ lau²¹ nɔ³⁵; nɔ³³ lo³⁵ ji³³ dɯ¹³
1021 one *næ⁴ la²⁴ la³⁵ bu⁵³ na⁵⁴ pu³³-⁵⁵ la³⁵ la²¹
1022 night 夜晚 *næ ? la²¹ jɛ²⁴ la²¹ ie³⁵ na³³ ʑɔ³⁵ la³⁵ jo⁵⁵ dza¹³ la²¹; la²¹ pʰe²¹ tei⁵⁵ la²¹ pʰɯe³⁵ te²¹
1023 right side *tæ⁴ tʰa²⁴ pu⁵⁵ ʨiɛ²¹ tʰa³⁵ pu⁵³ ʨe²¹ 'left side (左边)' tʰa³⁵ pu⁵⁵ ʥe⁵⁵ '左' ta²¹ ze³⁵
1024 sparrow 喜鵲 *ʦʰæ² ʦʰa²⁴ ʦʰa⁵⁵ ʦʰa³⁵ ʦʰa²¹ ʦʰa³³ ʦʰa³⁵ ʦʰa³³ ʦʰa³³ niã¹³
1025 round *bɑC¹ᴴ pɔ²¹ luɔ⁵⁵ luɔ⁵⁵ po⁵³ lo⁵³ lo²¹ ba⁵⁵ kʰo²¹ '螺 (snail)'
1026 eye, blind 眼睛 *lɑC³ luɔ²⁴ pu⁵⁵ lo³⁵ pu⁵³ lo³⁵ pu³³-⁵⁴ lo³⁵ pu³⁵ a¹³ la⁵⁵ a²¹ la²¹ ʥi²¹
1027 cat *mɑC² mɔ²¹ mo²¹ mo³³ ma²¹ ʨi³⁵
1028 three *sɑC¹ᴹ suɔ⁵⁵ so⁵³ pu⁵³ so⁵⁴ na⁵⁴ xu³³ '三个' so⁵⁵ sa³³
1029 dew 露水 *sɑC¹ᴴ suɔ⁵⁵ ʦʰɤ²¹ so⁵³ ʦʰe²¹ ʔa²¹ sa²¹ ʦʰe³⁵
1030 at first *be² ta²¹ pʰiɛ⁵⁵ ta³⁵ pie²¹ na³³ pie⁵⁴ bie³⁵
1031 comb 梳子 *ɕe ? kʰa²¹ ɕiɛ²¹ kʰa⁵⁴ ɕe³³-³¹ ɕie²¹ bie³³
1032 shoe *ɕe³ ʦʰuɔ²¹ ɕiɛ²⁴ ʦʰo³³ ɕe³⁵; ʦo³³ ɕɛ³⁵ ȵo²¹ ɕie⁵⁵ lo²¹ ɕie⁵³
1033 direction 方向 *kʰe ? kʰe²¹ le⁵⁵ mɨe⁵⁵ kʰɨe²¹
1034 four *ɹe¹ᴹ zɤ⁵⁵ ze⁵³ pu⁵³ zə⁵⁴ pu³³ ze⁵⁵ zɨe³⁵ bu²¹
1035 wind *ɹe⁴ zɤ²⁴ su⁵¹ ze³⁵ su⁵³ zə³⁵ sɿ³³-⁵⁴ zəu³⁵ su⁵⁵; ze³⁵ su⁵³ ze²¹
1036 y'all 你們 *se⁴ sɤ²⁴ se³⁵ sə³³ se³⁵ ka⁵⁵ ɣɯ²¹ ɯ²¹ ɕi²¹; ʔɨ²¹ ɕi²¹ ʔɯ²¹ se²¹
1037 drum *xe² xe²¹ xɯə⁵⁴ xɯe²¹ ʕe³⁵ bu²¹
1038 to ask, to tell 告訴 *ze ? ʦɤ²⁴ ʦe³⁵ ʦə³³ ko⁵⁵ dze³⁵ kɨ⁵⁵ ze³⁵ gɯ³³ ze³⁵
1039 blood *m[e/eC]¹ᴸ miɛ⁵¹ mie⁵³ miɛ⁵⁴ miɛ³³-³¹ mie⁵³ mi²¹ mi²¹ mie²¹ mie²¹
1040 sound 聲音 *ɹ[e/ɤ]¹ᴴ a²⁴ zɤ⁵⁵ a³⁵ ze⁵³ ku¹³ zu⁵⁵ gu²¹ zu⁵³
1041 day *ȵ[e/ɤ]¹ᴹ ȵiɛ⁵⁵ la⁵³ ȵie⁵³ ȵe³³ ȵe²¹ ȵe³³
1042 urine 尿 *ʦʰ[e/ɤ]¹ᴹ ɣɤ⁵⁵ ʦʰɤ⁵⁵ ei⁵³ ʦʰe²¹ ĩ⁵⁴ ʦʰə⁵⁴-³¹ ʦʰe³³ ʦʰe³⁵
1043 some *dɤ¹ᴸ -tiɛ⁵⁵ te²¹ de¹³ bo⁵⁵
1044 to be able to *gɤ¹ᴸ -ɣɤ⁵⁵ e⁵³ ə³³; ɣe⁵⁵ gɨe²¹; ge²¹
1045 leaf 葉子 *ɣɤ¹ᴸ ɣɤ⁵⁵ tʰa⁵⁵ ɣə⁵⁵ tʰa³³-³¹ ɣəu³⁵ la³⁵ ʔa⁵³ ɣɯe³⁵; ʔa⁵³ ɣɯe¹³
1046 monkey *ɣɤ² e⁵³ ɣə⁵⁴ ɣəu⁵³ ɣe³⁵ bie²¹
1047 smoke *kʰɤ¹ᴴ kʰɤ²⁴ kʰa⁵¹ kʰe³⁵ kʰa²¹ kʰɯə³³ kʰɯə⁵⁴ kʰəu⁵⁵ kʰa²¹ kʰe⁵⁵ sa²¹
1048 horn (of an animial) *kʰɤ¹ᴹ kʰɤ⁵¹ kʰe⁵³ a⁵⁴ kʰɯə³³ kʰəu⁵³ kʰe³³
1049 belly 肚子 *mɤ ? mɤ²¹ me²¹ mɯə³³ tie³³; mo³³ ti³³ mai¹³ ʨi⁵⁵
1050 two bu⁴ ȵie⁵³ pu⁵³ ȵe⁵⁴ pu³³ ȵe⁵⁵ lie⁵⁵
1051 seed 種子 ȵiɛ⁵⁵ lã⁵⁵ ȵie⁵³ lan⁵³ ȵɛ⁵⁴ na³³ ȵɛ⁵⁵ nã⁵⁵ ʔa³³ lie³³
1052 boiling water *pʰɤ¹ᴹ pʰɤ⁵⁵ ʦʰɤ²¹ pʰe⁵³ ʦʰe²¹ pʰɯə⁵⁴ ʦʰə⁵⁴; pʰɯɛ⁵⁴ pʰɯe⁵⁵ pʰe³³
1053 night *pʰɤ⁴ pʰɤ⁵⁵ pʰai⁵³ nɔ³³ ʨi³³ pʰɛ³⁵-⁵⁵ dza³⁵ pʰe²¹
1054 bowl *ʨʰɤ² ʨʰiɛ²¹ pi²⁴ ʨʰi⁵³ pi⁵³ ʨʰe³³ pi³⁵ ʨʰe²¹ bi³⁵ ʔa⁵⁵ tʰie¹³ ʔa⁵⁵ tʰie³⁵
1055 mouth *zɤ⁴ ʦɤ²⁴ ʦe³⁵ ʦə³³ ʦə³⁵ '嘴 (mouth)'; dzə³⁵ '句 (sentence, cl.)'; ʦe⁵⁵ '口 (bite, cl.)' ze²¹
1056 bran *bi¹ᴸ ʦʰɿ²⁴ pʰi⁵⁵ bi²¹ be⁵⁵
1057 son 兒子 *bi⁴ pi²⁴ pi³⁵ pi³⁵ bi³⁵ ʔa³³ bie²¹ bie²¹ ŋɯ²¹
1058 help *ɕi¹ᴸ ta⁵¹ ɕi⁵¹ ta⁵³ ɕi⁵⁵ ta⁵⁴ ɕi³³-³¹ ʔa²¹ ɕi²¹
1059 green *ɕi⁴ ɕin³⁵ ka⁵³ te²¹ ɕĩ³⁵ ka⁵⁴ tõ³³ tõ³³ ɕin³⁵ ka⁵³ bo²¹ bo²¹ ɕi²¹ ɕi²¹
1060 to hear 聽見 *ɕi¹ᴴ ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁴ ħo³³ ɕi³⁵; ħo³³ zi³³
1061 tael *dzi¹ᴹ ʦɿ⁵⁵ (ʨi⁵⁵ ) ʦi⁵³ dzi³³
1062 to fly *ʥi¹ᴹ ʨi⁵⁵ ʨe⁵³ m̩³³ ʥi³³ m̩²¹ ʥi²¹
1063 feet *ʥi² ʨi²¹ a²¹ ʨi²¹ ʨi³³ pʰa³³ ʨi²¹ pʰa³⁵ a³³ ʥi³⁵
1064 skin *ki¹ᴸ ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ kʰɨ⁵⁵ tʰa⁵⁵ 'paper' ʦʰi⁵³ kʰei⁵³ tʰa²¹ '纸 (paper)' ʦʰə⁵⁴ kʰɯə³³ tʰa³³; ʦʰə⁵⁴ kʰe³³ tʰa³³ 'paper' ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ kʰɯ⁵⁵ tʰa⁵⁵ ''纸 (paper)' ki²¹ lo²¹
1065 bitter *kʰi³ kʰɨ²⁴ ʦɿ⁵⁵ kʰi³⁵ ʦi⁵³ ʦi⁵³ kʰɯ³³ ʨe³³ ʨe³³; kʰɯ³³ ʨe³³ ʨe³⁵ kʰɯ³⁵ ʥi⁵⁵ ʥi³⁵ kʰi⁵⁵ kʰi⁵³
1066 to hang *kʰi ? kʰi³⁵ kʰi⁵³ kʰɯ⁵⁴ kʰɯ⁵⁴; kʰɯ³³ kʰɯ³³; kʰɯ³⁵ kʰɯ⁵⁵ kʰɯ³⁵ kʰɯ³⁵ kʰi³⁵
1067 heart *li¹ᴸ li⁵⁵ kʰuɔ⁵⁵ luɔ⁵⁵ li⁵³ kʰo⁵³ li²¹ li⁵⁵ tʰo³³ li⁵⁵ kʰo⁵⁵ lo³⁵ li²¹ sɿ¹³ '高兴 (happy)' li²¹ ŋa²¹ (1986S)
1068 two (days) later 後天 *mi³ mi²⁴ ȵiɛ⁵¹ mi³³ ȵi³³-⁵⁵; mi³³ ȵe⁵⁵ mi³⁵ ȵe⁵⁵ mɨe⁵⁵ kʰɨe²¹ ȵie³³ ʔa²¹ mu²¹ ȵian²¹
1069 all 全部 *ni¹ᴴ xu³⁵ ȵi⁵³ kʰɯ³⁵-³³ li⁵⁵ bu¹³ li⁵⁵ '都' bu¹³ li⁵³
1070 female 雌性 *ȵi² ȵɨ²¹ ka²¹ ȵi³³ ka³³ ȵi³⁵
1071 clf. for clothes *pi² pʰi⁵³ pʰi³³ pʰi⁵³ pi³⁵; pi¹³
1072 divide *pʰi² pʰi²¹ ʔa³³ pʰi¹³ a³³ pʰi³³ pʰi²¹ da⁴pi³
1073 salt *si¹ᴴ ɕi⁵³ la⁵³ ʔa¹³ sɿ⁵⁵
1074 saliva 涎水 *si ? ʦʰɤ²¹ sɿ²¹ ʦʰe¹³ si⁵⁵
1075 sheng *si ? sɿ²¹ si²¹ kʰo²¹ ɕi³³; ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹ kʰo²¹ sɿ⁵⁵ ʦɨ²¹
1076 clothes 衣服 *ti ? *tʰi ja 體亞; (Tian H. 2006:252, Baojing Xianzhi) ɕi³³ ti³⁵ ɕi³³ ti³⁵
1077 bottom 底下 *ti² pa²¹ tʰi²¹ pa²¹ ti²¹ pa³³ tʰi³³ ba²¹ tʰi³⁵ a³³ di³⁵ ʔɯ⁵⁵ ti³⁵
1078 nose 鼻子 *ʨi¹ᴴ ɤŋ²⁴ ʨʰi⁵¹ en³⁵ ʨʰi⁵³ ĩ⁵⁵ ʨʰi³³ kɯ¹³ ʨi⁵⁵ dɯ¹³
1079 soy bean *ʨʰi² ʨʰi²⁴ pu⁵⁵ ʨʰi³⁵ pu⁵³ ʨʰɔ³⁵ pu³³-³⁵; ʨʰe³⁵ pu⁵⁵ lɛ⁵⁵ ʨʰi³⁵ pu³⁵ le³⁵ ʨʰi²¹
1080 pheasant 野雞 *ʨʰi¹ᴴ pau²⁴ ʨʰi⁵⁵ pau³⁵ ʨʰi²¹ pɔ³⁵ ʨʰi⁵⁴-⁵⁵ ʨʰi⁵⁵ (chicken)
1081 sore *ʦʰi⁴ ʦʰɿ²⁴ ka⁵⁵ (ʨʰi²⁴ ka⁵⁵ ) ʨʰe³⁵ ka⁵³ ʨʰi³³ ka³³ ʦʰo²¹ bo²¹ ʦʰo²¹ bo²¹
1082 written word *ʦʰi¹ᴹ ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ ʦʰɿ⁵⁴ ʦʰɿ³³ ʦʰi⁵⁵ ʦʰɿ⁵⁵; ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵ '书 (book)' m³³ ʦʰi³³
1083 ten *xi⁴ xɨ²⁴ xei³⁵ xə³⁵ '八 (eight)' ʕi²¹ ʕɯ²¹
1084 village 村莊 *ʔi¹ᴴ luɔ⁵⁵ jɔu⁵⁵ ji⁵⁵ de²¹
1085 to comb *siC² ɕi²¹ ɕi²¹ ɕi³³ ɕi²¹ ɕie²¹ bie³³
1086 clothes 衣服 *siC¹ᴹ sɿ⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁴ pa³³ ɕi³³ pa²¹ ɕi³³ ti³⁵ ɕi³³ ti³⁵
1087 big *ʦʰiC¹ᴹ ʦʰɿ⁵¹ ʦʰi⁵³ ʨʰi⁵⁴ ʨʰi³³
1088 to understand, to know 知道 *s[iC/e] ? xa⁵¹ zɿ²¹; xau⁵¹ zɿ²¹ xa⁵³ zi²¹ xa³³ la³³ ɕi³³ xau⁵⁵ zɿ²¹ se⁵⁵ ʨʰie⁵⁵; ɕie⁵⁵ ʨʰie⁵⁵ ɕie⁵³ ʦʰe²¹
1089 bed *dɑ[C] ? nie³⁵ do⁵⁵ nie²¹ do³⁵
1090 rice (uncooked) *sɿ¹ᴸ sɿ⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ 'rice' si⁵³ li⁵³ '稻谷' sɹ̩⁵⁴ li³³ '青苗' si¹³ ɣe⁵⁵
1091 flea 蝨子 *sɿ¹ᴴ sɿ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵⁵ si⁵³ si⁵³ sɿ⁵⁴ sɿ³³ sɿ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵⁵ si⁵⁵
1092 white *sɿ ? a²¹ sɿ²¹ a²¹ si²¹ ɣa³³ si³³ a²¹ si²¹ si³³ sɿ³³
1093 beast *sɿ² sɿ²¹ si²¹ dza²¹ sɿ³⁵
1094 tooth *sɿ¹ᴹ sɿ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵⁵ si⁵⁵ si⁵⁵ sɿ⁵⁴ sɿ³³ sɿ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵⁵ ta³⁵ sɿ⁵⁵ ta¹³
1095 not *ʦɿ¹ᴸ ʦi²¹ e⁵³ ʦʰɿ⁵⁴ ɣə³³ 不会 ʦi²¹
1096 ashes *ʦʰɿ⁴ pu²¹ ʦʰi⁵³ pu³³ ʦʰɿ³⁵ pu²¹ ʦʰi³⁵ m¹³ ʦʰi⁵⁵
1097 clf. for general objects *bu⁴ pu²⁴ la³⁵ pu⁵³ '一个 (one)' pu³³ bu²¹
1098 soy bean *bu⁴ ʨʰi²⁴ pu⁵⁵ ʨʰi³⁵ pu⁵³ ʨʰɔ³⁵ pu³³-³⁵; ʨʰe³⁵ pu⁵⁵ lɛ⁵⁵ bu²¹
1099 to touch *bu¹ᴸ pu⁵⁵ pu²¹ pu³³ pu⁵⁵; pu³⁵ pu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ bie⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ bu¹³
1100 face *gu⁴ ku²⁴ ku³⁵ a³³-⁵⁴ ku³³-⁵⁴ ku³⁵ a²¹ gu²¹
1101 now 現在 *mu ? mu²⁴ la⁵⁵ mu³⁵ lan⁵³ a⁵⁴ mu³³ mu³³ ȵie³³ 'today'
1102 bamboo 竹子 *mu² mu⁵¹ ȵiɛ²¹ mu⁵³ ȵie²¹ mu⁵⁴ mu⁵³ mu⁵⁵ tu³⁵
1103 to tie together *pu ? pʰu²¹ pʰu²¹ tʰi³⁵ pu⁵⁵ ʨi¹³ '捆'
1104 flower/blossom *pu¹ᴸ kʰa⁵⁵ pʰu⁵⁵ kʰa⁵³ pʰu⁵³ kʰa³³ pʰu³³; kʰa⁵⁴ pʰu³³-³¹ kʰa⁵⁵ pʰei⁵³ ʦu⁵⁵ pu¹³
1105 few *pʰu¹ᴹ pʰu⁵⁵ ʦʰɿ²¹ pʰu⁵³ ʦʰi⁵³ pʰu³³ ʦʰɿ³³ pʰu³³
1106 shy 害羞 *ɹu¹ᴴ zu⁵⁵ ka²¹ zu⁵³ ka²¹ zu³⁵ ka³³ ku¹³ zu⁵⁵; ku²¹ dzu⁵⁵
1107 fruit 果子 *su¹ᴸ kʰu³⁵ su⁵³ su²¹ bu²¹
1108 to store up 收藏 *su¹ᴸ su⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ 'tɔ stɔre up' su⁵³ su⁵³ su¹³ su²¹ lu³⁵ '躲开 (to sheer)'
1109 millet 小米 *ʔu¹ᴸ wu⁵⁵ suɔ⁵⁵ (wu²¹ ) u⁵³ so⁵³ wo⁵⁴ so³³ ʦɿ³³ ɣə³³ ʔu²¹ dzi⁵⁵ wu²¹ ʥi⁵³
1110 chilly *ʔu³ wu²⁴ ʨʰi⁵⁵ u³⁵ ʨʰi⁵³ ʨʰi⁵³ u⁵⁵; wu³³ ʨʰi⁵⁴ ʨʰi⁵⁴ ʔu⁵⁵ ʔɯ⁵⁵
1111 left over *ʔu¹ᴴ a⁵⁵ wu⁵⁵ wu⁵⁵
1112 to escape *b[u/ɑC] ? pɔ²¹ po²¹ bu²¹ ɣe¹³
1113 cave *duŋ² tɔ̃²⁴ toŋ³⁵ pi²¹ '小洞 (small cave)' tõ³⁵ duŋ³⁵ ʔa³³ dɯ³⁵
1114 thunder, to sound *ɣuŋ ? me³⁵ oŋ²¹ mɯe³⁵-⁵⁵ õ⁵⁵ mɯe³⁵ uŋ²¹ me²¹ ɣɯ²¹
1115 cl. for animals *luŋ ? lɔ̃²¹ loŋ⁵³ nõ³⁵ (for fisʰ) luŋ⁵⁵ nũ²¹; nõ²¹
1116 to block 堵塞 *suŋ² soŋ²¹ ʔa³³ sɯ¹³ ʔa³³ sɯ³⁵
1117 to pestle *suŋ⁴ sɔ̃²⁴ ka²⁴ sõ³⁵ ka⁵⁵ sa²¹ pa²¹
1118 deaf *tuŋ¹ᴹ loŋ⁵³ tʰoŋ⁵³ tɯ³³
1119 nest *tuŋ¹ᴹ tʰɔ̃⁵¹ pu⁵³ ʦʰi⁵³ tʰoŋ⁵³ '蜘蛛网 (spider net)' za³³ tʰõ³³ '鸡窝 (chicken coop)' tɯ³³
1120 almost 快要 *gɯ ? -ku²⁴ (现在) dzɯ²¹ gɯ¹³
1121 six *ɣɯ² lu²⁴ o²¹ pu⁵³ wo³³ na⁵⁴-³³ xu³³-³⁵ wo²¹ ɣɯ³⁵
1122 bowl *sɯ¹ᴴ su⁵⁵ la⁵³ su⁵³ '一碗 (a bowl of)' su³³ (cl.) su⁵⁵ sɯ⁵⁵
2001 stone, bone 石頭骨頭 *lɯ ? lu⁵⁵ ka⁵⁵ 'bone' lu⁵³ka²¹ '骨头 (bone)' lu⁵⁴ ka³³-³¹ pʰɯ⁵³ lɯ³⁵ kɯ²¹ dɯ¹³ '石头' lɯ²¹ kɯ³³ dɯ³⁵ '石头'
2002 stone, bone 石頭骨頭 *gɑ¹ᴸ lu⁵⁵ ka⁵⁵ 'bone' lu⁵³ ka²¹ lu⁵⁴ ka³³-³¹ lɯ³⁵ kɯ²¹ dɯ¹³ '石头'
2003 gourd 葫蘆 *lɑ¹ᴸ la⁵³ tʰu⁵³ ko²¹ lo²¹ tɯ⁵⁵
2004 gourd 葫蘆 *tʰɯ¹ᴴ la⁵³ tʰu⁵³ ko²¹ lo²¹ tɯ⁵⁵
2005 ant 螞蟻 *s[V] ? sɿ⁵⁵ ȵi²¹ ka²¹ ɕi⁵⁴ ni³³ ka⁵⁴ pa⁵⁴ sa²¹ ȵi³⁵ sa²¹ ȵi³⁵
2006 ant 螞蟻 *ȵi² sɿ⁵⁵ ȵi²¹ ka²¹ si⁵³ ȵi²¹ ka²¹ ɕi⁵⁴ ni³³ ka⁵⁴ pa⁵⁵ sa²¹ ȵi³⁵ sa²¹ ȵi³⁵
2007 belt 腰帶 *pu² mɤ²¹ pʰu²¹ la⁵⁵ me²¹ pʰu²¹ la⁵³ kʰɯu³³ pi³³ la³⁵ kʰu⁵⁵ bu¹³ lo⁵⁵ kʰu⁵⁵ pu³⁵ lo⁵³
2008 belt 腰帶 *lɑ¹ᴴ mɤ²¹ pʰu²¹ la⁵⁵ me²¹ pʰu²¹ la⁵³ kʰɯu³³ pi³³ la³⁵ kʰu⁵⁵ bu¹³ lo⁵⁵ kʰu⁵⁵ pu³⁵ lo⁵⁴
2009 bright *ku¹ᴸ kʰu⁵⁵ su²¹ ka²⁴ su²¹ su³³ '(天)亮' kʰu⁵⁵ su²¹ ku²¹ su³⁵ '灯'
2010 bright *su² kʰu⁵⁵ su²¹ ka²⁴ su²¹ su³³ '(天)亮' kʰu⁵⁵ su²¹ ku²¹ su³⁵
2011 bug *tɤC¹ᴹ tʰiɛ⁵⁵ pʰɤ²¹ tʰe⁵³ pʰe²¹ tʰe⁵⁴ pʰɯɛ⁵⁴ tei³³ pʰe³⁵; tɨ³³ pʰe³⁵ ti⁵⁵ pʰei³⁵ bie²¹
2012 bug *pʰɤ² tʰiɛ⁵⁵ pʰɤ²¹ tʰe⁵³ pʰe²¹ tʰe⁵⁴ pʰɯɛ⁵⁴ tei³³ pʰe³⁵ '蛇 (snake)' ti⁵⁵ pʰei³⁵ bie²¹
2013 cold *s[ɿ/i/iC]¹ᴹ sa⁵¹ sa⁵³ sa⁵⁴ sa⁵⁵ sɿ³³ dza³³
2014 cold *dzæ¹ᴹ sa⁵¹ sa⁵³ sa⁵⁴ sa⁵⁵ sɿ³³ dza³³
2015 to dream *mɯ² mu²¹ ʦɿ²¹ mu²¹ ʦi²¹ mu³³ ʨi³³ mu²¹ ʥi⁵⁵ mu³⁵ zi¹³ 'to dream' mɯu³⁵
2016 to dream *dziC² mu²¹ ʦɿ²¹ mu²¹ ʦi²¹ mu³³ ʨi³³ mu²¹ ʥi⁵⁵ mu³⁵ zi¹³ 'to dream' mɯu³⁵
2017 dustpan 簸箕 *tɑ ? tʰa²⁴ kʰɨ⁵⁵; tʰa²⁴ kʰɤ⁵⁵ tʰa³⁵ kʰei⁵³ tʰa³⁵ kʰə⁵⁴ tʰa³⁵ kʰɯ⁵⁵ ti²¹ kɨ²¹
2018 dustpan 簸箕 *k[i/ɤ]⁴ tʰa²⁴ kʰɨ⁵⁵; tʰa²⁴ kʰɤ⁵⁵ tʰa³⁵ kʰei⁵³ tʰa³⁵ kʰə⁵⁴ tʰa³⁵ kʰɯ⁵⁵ ti²¹ kɨ²¹
2019 eagle 老鷹 *bɑC⁴ pã²⁴ pan³⁵ pã³⁵ ba²¹ ŋɨ³³
2020 eagle 老鷹 *ŋi¹ᴹ pã²⁴ pan³⁵ pã³⁵ ba²¹ ŋɨ³³
2021 ear of grain 穗子 *ʔæ a⁵⁵ pʰɤ²¹ a⁵⁵ pʰe²¹ a⁵⁵ pʰɯe³³ a³³ pʰe³⁵
2022 ear of grain 穗子 *pʰɤ² a⁵⁵ pʰɤ²¹ a⁵⁵ pʰe²¹ a⁵⁵ pʰɯe³³ a³³ pʰe³⁵
2023 in-law 親家 *ʔæ a²¹ ʦʰuɔ⁵¹ 'elder-brother-in-law' a⁵³ ʦo²¹ 'elder-brother-in-law' ʦo⁵⁴ ʑi³³-³¹ 'relatives' a³³ dza³³ ʔa²¹ ʦa²¹ mo²¹
2024 in-law 親家 *[ʦ/dz]ɑC¹ᴹ a²¹ ʦʰuɔ⁵¹ 'elder-brother-in-law' a⁵³ ʦo²¹ 'elder-brother-in-law' ʦo⁵⁴ ʑi³³-³¹ 'relatives' a³³ dza³³ ʔa²¹ ʦa²¹ mo²¹
2025 field 田地 *si ? sɤ²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ sɿ²¹ tʰiɛ²⁴ sɿ²¹ tʰiɛ²⁴ kʰɤ²¹ si²¹ te⁵³ ɕi³³ kʰə⁵⁵; ɕe³³ kʰe⁵⁵; ɕɛ³³-³¹ kʰe⁵⁵ tʰie⁵³ '块 (a piece of land, cl.)' si¹³ die⁵⁵ sɿ²¹ tie⁵³; ɕie²¹ tie⁵³
2026 field 田地 *tɤ¹ᴴ sɤ²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ sɿ²¹ tʰiɛ²⁴ sɿ²¹ tʰiɛ²⁴ kʰɤ²¹ si²¹ te⁵³ ɕi³³ kʰə⁵⁵; ɕe³³ kʰe⁵⁵; ɕɛ³³-³¹ kʰe⁵⁵ tʰie⁵³ '块 (a piece of land, cl.)' si¹³ die⁵⁵ sɿ²¹ tie⁵³; ɕie²¹ tie⁵³
2027 fish *sɿ¹ᴹ sɔ̃²⁴ soŋ³⁵ sũ³⁵; sõ³⁵ suŋ³⁵ si³³ ŋɨ²¹
2028 fish *ŋi² sɔ̃²⁴ soŋ³⁵ sũ³⁵; sõ³⁵ suŋ³⁵ si³³ ŋɨ²¹
2029 front 前面 *di¹ᴴ ti⁵⁵ ka²¹ ti⁵³ ka⁵³ '以前 (before)' di⁵⁵ go³⁵
2030 front 前面 *gɑ² ti⁵⁵ ka²¹ ti⁵³ ka⁵³ '以前 (before)' di⁵⁵ go³⁵
2031 god, ghost *ʔæ a⁵⁵ je²¹ a⁵⁵ ze²¹ a³³ ʨe⁵⁵ a³³ ze¹³ ʔa⁵⁵ ʥie³⁵; ʔa⁵⁵ je³⁵; ʔa⁵⁵ ze³⁵
2032 god, ghost *ʑe² a⁵⁵ je²¹ a⁵⁵ ze²¹ a³³ ʨe⁵⁵ a⁵⁵ je²¹ a³³ ze¹³ ʔa⁵⁵ ʥie³⁵; ʔa⁵⁵ je³⁵; ʔa⁵⁵ ze³⁵
2033 granary 倉庫 *ʔu⁴ u³⁵ ʨi⁵³ wu³⁵ ʨi⁵⁵ ʔu²¹ ʥi²¹
2034 granary 倉庫 *ʥi¹ᴹ/? u³⁵ ʨi⁵³ wu³⁵ ʨi⁵⁵ ʔu²¹ ʥi²¹
2035 intestine 腸子 *lɑ¹ᴴ pi²⁴ la⁵⁵ pi³⁵ la⁵³ pi³⁵ la⁵⁴; pi³⁵ la³³ pi³⁵ la³⁵ ka²¹ po³⁵ lo⁵⁵ ka²¹ pu³¹ lu⁵³
2036 intestine 腸子 *bi ? pi²⁴ la⁵⁵ pi³⁵ la⁵³ pi³⁵ la⁵⁴; pi³⁵ la³³ pi³⁵ la³⁵ ka²¹ po³⁵ lo⁵⁵ ka²¹ pu³¹ lu⁵³
2037 kudzu *ʔæ a²¹ pu²¹ a²¹ pʰoŋ²¹ a¹³ pɯ⁵¹ (2006S)
2038 kudzu *puŋ ? a²¹ pu²¹ a²¹ pʰoŋ²¹ a¹³ pɯ⁵¹ (2006S)
2039 middle 中間 *li¹ᴸ luɔ²⁴ liu⁵⁵ lo²¹li⁵³
2040 middle 中間 *lɑC³ luɔ²⁴ liu⁵⁵ lo²¹li⁵³
2041 money *ku⁴ ku²¹ lu²¹
2042 money *lɑC ? ku²¹ lu²¹
2043 new *ʔæ a²⁴ ɕi⁵⁵ a³⁵ ɕi⁵³ a³³ ɕi³³ a³⁵ ɕi³⁵ ʔa²¹ ɕi²¹
2044 new *siC⁴ a²⁴ ɕi⁵⁵ a³⁵ ɕi⁵³ a³³ ɕi³³ ʔa²¹ ɕi²¹
2045 radish 蘿蔔 *læ¹ᴹ la⁵⁵ pɤ⁵⁵ la⁵³ pe⁵³ la³³ pɯɛ³³ la³³ be³³
2046 radish 蘿蔔 *bɤ¹ᴹ la⁵⁵ pɤ⁵⁵ la⁵³ pe⁵³ la³³ pɯɛ³³ la³³ be³³
2047 raw *ʔæ a⁵⁵ xɔ̃⁵⁵ a⁵⁵ xoŋ⁵³ a⁵⁴ xũ³³ a³³ ħɯ⁵⁵; a³³ ħɯ³³
2048 raw *xuŋ¹ᴴ a⁵⁵ xɔ̃⁵⁵ a⁵⁵ xoŋ⁵³ a⁵⁴ xũ³³ a³³ ħɯ⁵⁵; a³³ ħɯ³³
2049 rice 穀子 *lie³ li²⁴ pu²⁴ li³⁵ pu⁵³ li³⁵ pu³⁵ li³⁵ pu³⁵ bu²¹ le²¹
2050 rice 穀子 *bu³ li²⁴ pu²⁴ li³⁵ pu⁵³ li³⁵ pu³⁵ li³⁵ pu³⁵ bu²¹ le²¹
2051 sorghum 高粱 *ɣuŋ¹ᴹ ɔ̃⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ oŋ⁵³ pa⁵³ õ⁵⁴ pʰa³³ zə⁵⁵ '高粱酒 (sorghum liquor)' ɣɯ⁵⁵ bo¹³ ʔẽ³³bo³⁵ (1986S)
2052 sorghum 高粱 *bɑ¹ᴹ ɔ̃⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ oŋ⁵³ pa⁵³ õ⁵⁴ pʰa³³ zə⁵⁵ '高粱酒 (sorghum liquor)' ʔẽ³³bo³⁵ (1986S)
2053 thin (<> thick) *sɑ² sa²¹ sa²¹ sa²¹ sai³⁵ sa³³ sa³³-³¹ so³³ so⁵⁵
2054 thin (<> thick) *sɑ³ sa²¹ sa²¹ sa²¹ sai³⁵ sa³³ sa³³-³¹ so³³ so⁵⁵
2055 thread *t[uŋ/u]¹ᴹ tʰɔ̃⁵¹ mɔ̃²¹; tʰu⁵¹ mɔ̃²¹ tʰoŋ⁵³ mu⁵³ tʰũ³³ mu⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵ mu²¹ tu³³ mu¹³
2056 thread *mu² tʰɔ̃⁵¹ mɔ̃²¹; tʰu⁵¹ mɔ̃²¹ tʰoŋ⁵³ mu⁵³ tʰũ³³ mu⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵ mu²¹ tu³³ mu¹³
2057 to connect 連接 *ʔæ a⁵⁵ sa⁵⁵ ʔa³³so²¹ (1986S)
2058 to connect 連接 *sɑ¹ᴸ a⁵⁵ sa⁵⁵ ʔa³³so²¹ (1986S)
2059 to drive away *ʔæ ʨiɛ⁵¹ a⁵⁴ ʨe³³-³¹ ʨe⁵⁵ ʔa²¹ ʥie¹³
2060 to drive away *ʥe¹ᴸ ʨiɛ⁵¹ ʨe⁵³ a⁵⁴ ʨe³³-³¹ ʨe⁵⁵ ʔa²¹ ʥie¹³
2061 to exchange 交換 *ʔæ a²⁴ li⁵⁵ a³⁵ li⁵³ a³⁵ li³⁵ ʔa¹³ lie⁵⁵
2062 to exchange 交換 *lie¹ᴴ a²⁴ li⁵⁵ a³⁵ li⁵³ a³⁵ li³⁵ ʔa¹³ lie⁵⁵
2063 to flip over 過來 *ʔæ a⁵⁵ zu⁵⁵ ʔa³³ zu¹³; ʔa³³ zu³⁵
2064 to flip over 過來 *ɹu¹ᴸ a⁵⁵ zu⁵⁵ ʔa³³ zu¹³; ʔa³³ zu³⁵
2065 to forget 忘記 *si¹ᴹ sɿ⁵⁵ ma²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ma⁵³ ɕi³³ ma⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ ma²¹ lio⁵⁵ si³³ mo³⁵
2066 to forget 忘記 *mɑ² sɿ⁵⁵ ma²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ma⁵³ ɕi³³ ma⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ ma²¹ lio⁵⁵ si³³ mo³⁵
2067 to itch *si¹ᴹ sɿ⁵⁵ ŋa²¹ si⁵³ ŋa²¹ ɕi³³ ŋã⁵⁵ si³³ wo³⁵
2068 to itch *[ŋ/ʔ]ɑ² sɿ⁵⁵ ŋa²¹ si⁵³ŋa²¹ ɕi³³ ŋã⁵⁵ si³³ wo³⁵
2069 to learn *ʔæ a²⁴ ɣɨ⁵⁵ a³⁵ ei⁵³ a³³ ɣə³³; ɣa³⁵ ɣɯ³⁵ a³⁵ ɣɯ⁵³ a¹³ ɣe⁵⁵
2070 to learn *ɣ[i/e/ɤ]¹ᴴ a²⁴ ɣɨ⁵⁵ a³⁵ ei⁵³ a³³ ɣə³³; ɣa³⁵ ɣɯ³⁵ a³⁵ ɣɯ⁵³ a¹³ ɣe⁵⁵
2071 to love *ʔæ a²⁴ ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ a³⁵ ʦʰi⁵⁵ (x)a³³ ʦʰɿ³³; a³⁵ ʦʰɿ⁵⁴ a²¹ ʦʰi²¹
2072 to love *ʦʰɿ⁴ a²⁴ ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ a³⁵ ʦʰi⁵⁵ (x)a³³ ʦʰɿ³³; a³⁵ ʦʰɿ⁵⁴ a²¹ ʦʰi²¹
2073 to roast *tu¹ᴹ tʰu⁵³ u²¹ tʰu³³ u⁵⁵; mi⁵⁴ tʰu³³ u³³ tʰu⁵³ wu²¹ tu⁵⁵ wu¹³
2074 to roast *ʔu² tʰu⁵³ u²¹ tʰu³³ u³³; mi⁵⁴ tʰu³³ u³³ tʰu⁵³ wu²¹ tu⁵⁵ wu¹³
2075 to roll *ku ? kʰu⁵⁵ luɔ⁵⁵ kʰu⁵³ lu⁵³ ku¹³ lu⁵⁵ 'to fall' ku³⁵ lu⁴⁴ (2006S)
2076 to roll *lɑC¹ᴹ kʰu⁵⁵ luɔ⁵⁵ kʰu⁵³ lu⁵³ ku¹³ lu⁵⁵ 'to fall' ku³⁵ lu⁴⁴ (2006S)
2077 to squat *gu¹ᴹ ku⁵⁵ tu⁵¹ ku⁵³ tu⁵³ kʰu⁵⁴ tu⁵⁵ ku⁵⁵ tu²¹ ku³³ du¹³
2078 to squat *du² ku⁵⁵ tu⁵¹ ku⁵³ tu⁵³ kʰu⁵⁴ tu⁵⁵ ku⁵⁵ tu²¹ ku³³ du¹³
2079 to paste *ʔæ a⁵⁵ la²¹ an⁵⁵ lan⁵³ a³³ na⁵⁴ ʔa³³ ȵo¹³
2080 to paste *ȵɑ¹ᴸ a⁵⁵ la²¹ an⁵⁵ lan⁵³ a³³ na⁵⁴ ʔa³³ ȵo¹³
2081 to stink *nɑ¹ᴹ lã²¹ lan²¹ nã³³ lã²¹ la³³ ŋi³⁵
2082 to stink *ŋi² lã²¹ lan²¹ nã³³ lã²¹ la³³ ŋi³⁵
2083 to throw *[ɕ/s]i² ɕi³³ ɕɛ⁵⁴ ɕi³⁵ ȵio⁵⁵
2084 to throw *ȵɑ³ la²⁴ la³⁵ na³⁵ ɕi³⁵ ȵio⁵⁵
2085 to tie up *ʔæ tʰi²⁴ tʰi³⁵ ɣa³³ tʰi³³-³¹ tʰi³⁵ ʔa¹³ tʰi⁵⁵ ʔa²¹ tʰe³¹
2086 to tie up *tʰie³ tʰi²⁴ tʰi³⁵ ɣa³³ tʰi³³-³¹ tʰi³⁵ ʔa¹³ tʰi⁵⁵ ʔa²¹ tʰe³¹
2087 tongue 舌頭 *ʑi⁴ ji²⁴ la⁵⁵ i³⁵ la⁵³ ʑi³³ la⁵⁴ ji³⁵ la³⁵ dzɿ²¹ la²¹ dzɿ²¹ la²¹
2088 tongue 舌頭 *læ⁴ ji²⁴ la⁵⁵ i³⁵ la⁵⁴ ʑi³³ la⁵⁵ ji³⁵ la³⁵ dzɿ²¹ la²¹ dzɿ²¹ la²¹
2089 vegetable 蔬菜 *ʔæ ɕi²⁴ pʰɔ̃⁵¹; sɿ²⁴ pʰɔ̃⁵¹ tɕe⁵³ a³³ ɕi³³ a²¹ ɕi²¹
2090 vegetable 蔬菜 *si² ɕi²⁴ pʰɔ̃⁵¹; sɿ²⁴ pʰɔ̃⁵¹ a³³ ɕi³³ a²¹ ɕi²¹
2091 we 咱們 *ʔæ ã²⁴ ȵi⁵⁵ an³⁵ ȵi⁵³ a³³ ȵi³³ a³⁵ ȵi³⁵ ʔa²¹ ȵi²¹ ʔa²¹ ȵi²¹
2092 we 咱們 *ȵi⁴ ã²⁴ ȵi⁵⁵ an³⁵ ȵi⁵³ a³³ ȵi³³ a³⁵ ȵi³⁵ ʔa²¹ ȵi²¹
2093 who *ʔæ a⁵¹ sɤ²¹ a⁵³ se²¹ a³³ so⁵⁵ a³⁵ sə⁵⁵ ʔa³³ si³³ ʔa²¹ sɿ²¹
2094 who *sɤ ? a⁵¹ sɤ²¹ a⁵³ se²¹ a³³ so⁵⁵ a³⁵ sə⁵⁵ ʔa³³ si³³ ŋi³³
2095 wild cat 野貓 *dzɑC⁴ ʦuɔ²⁴ kʰu⁵⁵ ʦo³⁵ kʰu²¹ ʦo³⁵ kʰu⁵⁴ za²¹ gu²¹ '野兽 (beast)'
2096 wild cat 野貓 *ku⁴ ʦuɔ²⁴ kʰu⁵⁵ ʦo³⁵ kʰu²¹ ʦo³⁵ kʰu⁵⁴ za²¹ gu²¹ '野兽 (beast)'
2097 wok *tɑ⁴ tʰa²⁴ kʰu⁵⁵ tʰa³⁵ kʰu⁵³ tʰa³⁵-³³ kʰu⁵⁵-³³ tʰa³⁵ kʰu²¹ tɯ²¹ kɯ²¹ dɯ²¹ gɯ¹³; dɯ³¹ gɯ³⁵; dɯ²¹ gɯ²¹
2098 wok *kɯ⁴ tʰa²⁴ kʰu⁵⁵ tʰa³⁵ kʰu⁵³ tʰa³⁵-³³ kʰu⁵⁵-³³ tʰa³⁵ kʰu²¹ tɯ²¹ kɯ²¹ dɯ²¹ gɯ¹³; dɯ³¹ gɯ³⁵; dɯ²¹ gɯ²¹
2099 yesterday 昨天 *pʰu ? pʰɔ̃²¹ ȵiɛ²¹; pʰu²¹ ȵi²¹ pʰu²¹ ȵi²¹ pʰu³³ ȵi³³ pʰu²¹ ȵe⁵⁵ pʰu³³ ȵie³³
2100 yesterday 昨天 *ȵi ? pʰɔ̃²¹ ȵiɛ²¹; pʰu²¹ ȵi²¹ pʰu²¹ ȵi²¹ pʰu³³ ȵi³³ pʰu²¹ ȵe⁵⁵ pʰu³³ ȵie³³
2101 younger brother 弟弟 *ʔæ ã⁵⁵ ŋai⁵¹ an⁵³ ŋai⁵³; a³⁵ ŋai⁵³ ã⁵⁵ ŋei⁵³ a³³ ŋo³³ ʔa⁵¹ ŋo³⁵; ʔa³³ ŋo³⁵
2102 younger brother 弟弟 *ŋɑ¹ᴹ ã⁵⁵ ŋai⁵¹ an⁵³ ŋai⁵³; a³⁵ ŋai⁵³ ã⁵⁵ ŋei⁵³ a³³ ŋo³³ ʔa⁵¹ ŋo³⁵; ʔa³³ ŋo³⁵
2103 finger 指頭 *Øm̩¹ᴸ ʨiɛ²⁴ mi⁵⁵ tʰi²¹ ʨe³⁵ mi⁵³ tʰi²¹ ʨe³⁵ mi⁵⁵ tʰi³³-³¹ ʨie⁵³ m̩²¹ te²¹
2104 finger 指頭 *tʰie ? ʨiɛ²⁴ mi⁵⁵ tʰi²¹ ʨe³⁵ mi⁵³ tʰi²¹ ʨe³⁵ mi⁵⁵ tʰi³³-³¹ ʨie⁵³ m̩²¹ te²¹
2105 chopsticks 筷子 *Øm̩¹ᴸ pu⁵⁵ ʦɿ⁵⁵ pu⁵³ ʦi⁵³ mu⁵⁵ ʦɿ³³ pu⁵⁵ ʦɿ⁵⁵ m²¹ dzɿ²¹ m̩²¹ dzɿ²¹
2106 chopsticks 筷子 *dzɿ¹ᴸ pu⁵⁵ ʦɿ⁵⁵ pu⁵³ ʦi⁵³ mu⁵⁵ ʦɿ³³ pu⁵⁵ ʦɿ⁵⁵ m²¹ dzɿ²¹ m̩²¹ dzɿ²¹
2107 spider 蜘蛛 *Øm̩¹ᴸ pu⁵⁵ ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ pu⁵⁵ ʦʰi⁵³ mu⁵⁴ ʦʰɿ³³ a³³ ʦʰi³³ ʔa²¹ ʦʰɿ²¹
2108 spider 蜘蛛 *ʦʰɿ¹ᴸ pu⁵⁵ ʦʰɿ⁵⁵ pu⁵⁵ ʦʰi⁵³ mu⁵⁴ ʦʰɿ³³ a³³ ʦʰi³³ ʔa²¹ ʦʰɿ²¹
2109 guest 客人 *Øm̩¹ᴴ pu⁵⁵ ʦʰuɔ²¹ pu⁵³ ʦʰo²¹ mo³³ ʦʰo⁵⁴-⁵⁵; mo⁵⁵-³⁵ ʦʰo⁵⁵ pu⁵⁵ ʦʰo²¹ m̩⁵⁵ ʦʰa¹³ ŋi²¹ m̩⁵⁵ ʦʰa³⁵
2110 guest 客人 *ʦʰɑC² pu⁵⁵ ʦʰuɔ²¹ pu⁵³ ʦʰo²¹ mo³³ ʦʰo⁵⁴-⁵⁵; mo⁵⁵-³⁵ ʦʰo⁵⁵ pu⁵⁵ ʦʰo²¹ m̩⁵⁵ ʦʰa¹³ ŋi²¹ m̩⁵⁵ ʦʰa³⁵
2111 bamboo mat 竹蓆 *Øm̩¹ᴸ pu⁵⁵ sɤ⁵⁵ mu³³ se³³ m̩²¹ ɕie²¹ m²¹ se⁵³
2112 bamboo mat 竹蓆 *sɤ¹ᴴ pu⁵⁵ sɤ⁵⁵ mu³³ se³³ m̩²¹ ɕie²¹ m²¹ se⁵³
2113 Tujia 土家 *Øm̩⁴ pi²⁴ ʦɿ⁵⁵ kʰa²¹ pi³⁵ ʦi⁵³ kʰa²¹ mi³⁵ ʨi⁵⁵ kʰa³³-⁵⁵ pi³⁵ ʨi⁵⁵ kʰa²¹ m̩²¹ dzɿ²¹ m̩²¹ dzɿ²¹
2114 Tujia 土家 *dzi⁴ pi²⁴ ʦɿ⁵⁵ kʰa²¹ pi³⁵ ʦi⁵³ kʰa²¹ mi³⁵ ʨi⁵⁵ kʰa³³-⁵⁵ pi³⁵ ʨi⁵⁵ kʰa²¹ m̩²¹ dzɿ²¹ m̩²¹ dzɿ²¹
2115 snow *su⁴ su²⁴ su⁵⁵ su³⁵ su³⁵-³³ ʦɿ³³ su³⁵ su³⁵ su²¹ su²¹
2116 snow *su⁴ su²⁴ su⁵⁵ su³⁵ su³⁵-³³ ʦɿ³³ su³⁵ su³⁵ su²¹ su²¹
2117 hungry *li ? li²⁴ a⁵¹ a⁵³ lie⁵⁴ a³³; lia⁵⁴ ɣa⁵³ no⁵⁵
2118 hungry *ɣɑ¹ᴴ li²⁴ a⁵¹ a⁵³ lie⁵⁴ a³³; lia⁵⁴ ɣa⁵³ no⁵⁵
2119 egg *ʔæ a⁵⁵ liɛ⁵⁵ za²¹ le²¹ 'chicken egg (鸡蛋)' a⁵⁴ lie³³ za⁵⁵ lie⁵⁵ ʔa¹³ lie⁵⁵
2120 egg *lɤ¹ᴴ a⁵⁵ liɛ⁵⁵ za²¹ le²¹ 'chicken egg (鸡蛋)' a⁵⁴ lie³³ za⁵⁵ lie⁵⁵ ʔa¹³ lie⁵⁵; tɕʰi⁵⁵ lie²¹ '鸡蛋 (chicken egg)' ʨʰi⁵³ lie²¹
2121 to cover up *ʔæ¹ᴴ tu²¹ tu²¹ a³³ tu³³ tu²¹; du²¹ ʔa⁵⁵ da²¹ a⁵⁵ da¹³
2122 to cover up *du² tu²¹ tu²¹ a³³ tu³³ tu²¹; du²¹ ʔa⁵⁵ da²¹ a⁵⁵ da¹³
?1 to drag *siC¹ᴴ ɕi⁵¹; sɿ⁵¹ ɕi⁵³ '牵' ɕi⁵⁴ '牵' ɕi⁵⁵
?2 to wipe *ʔe³ jɛ²⁴ ie³⁵ je³⁵ je⁵¹ (2006S)
?3 to hold a crutch *tʰu¹ᴴ tʰu⁵³ tu³⁵ tho⁵⁵ (Xu 2020)
?4 to permeate 滲入 *kʰɯx kʰu²¹ 'tɔ suck'? kʰɯ⁴⁴ (2006S)
?5 to offer (to god) *tɯ¹ᴹ soŋ³⁵ mu⁵³ tʰu⁵³ '敬祖先' tɯ⁴⁴ (2006S)
?6 to press *lɑ¹ᴹ la⁵³ no⁴⁴ (2006S)
?7 to chisel *tuŋ¹ᴴ tɯ⁵¹ (2006S)
?8 to eat *ɣe² jɛ²¹ 'food' ɣe³⁵
?9 thick (liquid) *ʥɯ⁴ ʦu³⁵ (2006N) [might be 'to be sufficient', a Chinese loan] dɯ²¹ (2006S) [might be 'heavy']
?10 to infect 傳染 *dzɿ ? a⁵⁵ ʦi²¹ (2006N) dzi²¹ (2006S)
?11 to blink *nie ? ʨʰi⁵³ ȵi²¹ ʨʰi⁵⁴ ȵe³³ ȵie¹³ (2006S)
?12 oxbow 牛軛 *nɑ⁴ lan³⁵ kʰu⁵³ lã⁵⁴ kʰo³³ lo²¹ zo²¹ (2006S)
?13 thorn 刺兒 *tɑ²/⁴ tʰa³⁵ se²¹ tʰa³³ sə⁵⁵ to²¹ se³⁵ (2006S)
?14 thorn 刺兒 *s[e/ɤ]² tʰa³⁵ se²¹ tʰa³³ sə⁵⁵ to²¹ se³⁵ (2006S)
?15 orange 柑子 *kʰe ? ʨʰiɛ²⁴ sɿ⁵⁵ (ʨʰiɛ²⁴ ɕi⁵⁵ , ʦʰɤ²⁴ sɿ⁵⁵ ) ʨʰe³⁵ si²¹ kʰe³⁵ ɕi²¹
?16 orange 柑子 *siC¹ᴴ ʨʰiɛ²⁴ sɿ⁵⁵ ʨʰe³⁵ si²¹ kʰe³⁵ ɕi²¹

References[edit]

Vocabulary lists of Southeast Asian languages
Sino-Tibetan

p-Tibeto-Burman • Old Chinese (basic) • p-Southern Min • Macro-Bai • p-Tujia • p-Naish • p-Ersuic • Guiqiong • Horpa • p-Lolo-Burmese • p-Lalo • Lalo • Akha • Woni • Axi • Nesu • Yi (Mihei) • Kathu • Gong • p-Karenic • p-Luish • p-Bodo-Garo • Kuki-Chin • Suansu • Mru • p-W. Tibetan • Tibetan (Lajiao) • Amdo Tibetan • Zakhring • Tshangla • Kho-Bwa • Mey • p-Puroik • p-Hrusish • Koro • Greater Siangic • Raji-Raute • Dhimalish • Baram-Thangmi • Bhujel • p-Kham • Dura • Bunan • (Nepal)

Austroasiatic

p-Austroasiatic • p-Munda • p-Khasian • p-Palaungic • Quang Lam • p-Khmuic • p-Pakanic • p-Vietic • p-Katuic • p-Bahnaric • p-Pearic • p-Khmeric • p-Monic • p-Aslian • p-Nicobarese

Hmong-Mien

p-Hmong-Mien • Hmong-Mien • p-Hmongic • Pa-Hng • Xong • Pana • She • p-Mienic • Mienic • Mien (Gongcheng) • Biao Min (Shikou)

Kra-Dai

p-Kra-Dai • p-Kra • Laha • Qabiao • Gelao • p-Kam-Sui • Kam-Sui (Hunan) • p-Lakkia • Biao • p-Tai • Zhuang (Tiandeng) • Bouyei • p-Be • Jizhao • p-Hlai • Jiamao

Austronesian

p-Austronesian