Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/wɨtoto

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Noun

*wɨtoto

1. person

Descendants

• Guianan:
  • Kari'na: itoto, sitoto (“southern Amerindian, stranger, enemy”)
  • Proto-Taranoan: *wɨtoto
    • Akurio: wïtoto
    • Carijona: wïtoto (“Witoto, enemy”)
    • Trió: wïtoto
  • Wayana: witoto
  • → English: Witoto, Huitoto, Uitoto, Uitota
• Kuikuroan:
  • Kuikúro: toto (“man”)
• Parukotoan:
  • Hixkaryana: toto
• Pekodian:
  • Bakairí: udo (“non-Bakairi Amerindian”)
  • Ikpeng: urot (“wild Amerindian”)
• Venezuelan Cariban:
  • Panare: tato, toto (“non-Amerindian”)
  • Pemongan:
    • Akawaio: itoto
    • Macushi: to' (“they”)
• Ye'kwana: sotto, so'to, soto, ssoto

References

• Gildea, Spike, Doris Payne (2007) “Is Greenberg’s ‘Macro-Carib’ viable?”, in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi: Ciências Humanas, volume 2, number 2, Belém, pages 19–72
• Meira, Sérgio, Bruna Franchetto (2005) “The southern Cariban languages and the Cariban family”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 71, pages 127–192
• Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎^[1], Houston: Rice University, page 181
• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[2], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 280
• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “sotto”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[3], Lyon