Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bidjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰédʰyeti, from *gʷʰedʰ- (“to ask for; beseech”), or alternatively from *bʰedʰ- (“to bend, bow”) (compare the root of *bindaną). Not, as sometimes suggested, related to *bīdaną (“to wait”). More at *bedō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbið.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bidjaną

1. to make a request (of/for);
2. (transitive, +accu) to ask (of person)
3. (transitive, +gen) to request, ask (for something)

Inflection

Conjugation of *bidjaną (strong class 5 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bidjō	*bidjaų	—	*bidjai	?
2nd singular	*bidisi	*bidjais	*bidi	*bidjasai	*bidjaisau
3rd singular	*bidiþi	*bidjai	*bidjaþau	*bidjaþai	*bidjaiþau
1st dual	*bidjōs	*bidjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bidjaþiz	*bidjaiþiz	*bidjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bidjamaz	*bidjaim	—	*bidjanþai	*bidjainþau
2nd plural	*bidiþ	*bidjaiþ	*bidiþ	*bidjanþai	*bidjainþau
3rd plural	*bidjanþi	*bidjain	*bidjanþau	*bidjanþai	*bidjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bad	*bēdį̄
2nd singular	*bast	*bēdīz
3rd singular	*bad	*bēdī
1st dual	*bēdū	*bēdīw
2nd dual	*bēdudiz	*bēdīdiz
1st plural	*bēdum	*bēdīm
2nd plural	*bēdud	*bēdīd
3rd plural	*bēdun	*bēdīn
	present	past
participles	*bidjandz	*bedanaz

Related terms

• *bedą
• *bedō
• *bedōną
• *bēdiz

Derived terms

• *bidilaz
• *gabidjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *biddjan
  • Old English: biddan
    • Middle English: bidden
      • English: bid
      • Scots: bid
  • Old Frisian: bidda
    • Saterland Frisian: bidje
    • West Frisian: bidde
  • Old Saxon: biddian
    • Middle Low German: bidden
      • Low German: bidden
      • Plautdietsch: beeden, bedden
  • Old Dutch: bidden
    • Middle Dutch: bidden
      • Dutch: bidden
        • Afrikaans: bid
        • Negerhollands: bed, bet, bit
      • Limburgish: baeje
  • Old High German: bitten
    • Middle High German: bitten
      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: pittan

        Mòcheno: pitten

      • German: bitten
• Old Norse: biðja, ᛒᛁᚦᛁᛅ (biþia); ᛒᛅᚦ (baþ)
  • Icelandic: biðja
  • Faroese: biðja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bidja, beda, be
  • Old Swedish: biþia, bedhia
    • Swedish: bedja, be
  • Danish: bede
    • Norwegian Bokmål: bede, be
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bidjan)