Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/aHjāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *aH- +‎ *jāráyati, secondary causative of *járati.

Verb

*aHjāráyati

1. to torment, offend
2. to hurt, wound

Derived terms

• *aHjāráh
  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: ئازار (azar, “annoyance; pain”)

  • Pashto: آزار (āzār, “illness; offense”)
  • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾzʾr /⁠āzār⁠/)
    • Persian: آزار (âzâr, “affliction, disease, grieve, vexation, annoyance, injury”) (see there for further descendants)
• *aHjārikah
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (ʾzʾryk, “harm”)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬈 (āzāraiieṇte, 3pl.med.caus.), 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌𐬱 (āzāraiiōiš, “to hurt, wound, offend”, 2sg.opt.caus.)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzyʾr-, “to be offended”, 3sg.impf.)
  • Sogdian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫖 (ʾʾzyrm /⁠āzarm⁠/, “to offend, hurt”, 1sg.caus.pres.)

    Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼰𐼵𐼰𐼷𐽀𐽂 (ʾʾzʾyrt /⁠āzērd⁠/, “to hurt, trouble”)

    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ʾzyrʾm /⁠āzrām⁠/, “to slander”, 1sg.caus.pres.)

• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Parthian: 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾzʾryd /⁠āzārēd⁠/)
    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠āzārēd⁠/, “to torment, offend; to hurt”)

      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾʾzʾryd), 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾzʾryd)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾcʾlyt)

      • Persian: آزردن (âzordan, “to annoy, torment”)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠āyārēd⁠/, “to suffer; to be distressed, tormented”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾyʾrdynd, 3pl.pres.), 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫗𐫅 (ʾyʾrdʾnd, 3pl.subj.pres.)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾdʾltyt)