Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, verb form of *h₁ésti.

Cognate with Lithuanian esì, Latvian esi, Old Prussian essei.

Further Sanskrit असि (ási), Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬌 (ahi), Old Armenian ես (es), Ancient Greek ἐσσί (essí), Latin es.

Verb

*esi

1. second-person singular present of *byti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: еси (esi)
    • Russian: еси́ (jesí)
    • Ukrainian: єси́ (jesý)
  • Old Novgorodian: еси (esi)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: ѥси (jesi)
  • Bulgarian: си (si)
  • Macedonian: си (si)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: јѐси, си
    • Latin script: jèsi, si
  • Old Slovene: iezi
    • Slovene: si
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jsi
    • Czech: jsi
  • Old Polish: jeś
    • Polish: -ś
    • ⇒ Old Polish: jest jeś, jesteś, jeś jest
      • Polish: jesteś
  • Slovak: si
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sy
    • Lower Sorbian: sy

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “еси”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress