grunnio

Latin

Alternative forms

• grundiō

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gru-, an imitative root, similar to English grudge, grunt.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡrun.ni.oː/, [ˈɡrʊnːioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡrun.ni.o/, [ˈɡrunːio]

Verb

grunniō (present infinitive grunnīre, perfect active grunnīvī or grunniī, supine grunnītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

1. to grunt (like a pig)

Conjugation

Conjugation of grunniō (fourth conjugation, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	grunniō	grunnīs	grunnit	grunnīmus	grunnītis	grunniunt
	imperfect	grunniēbam	grunniēbās	grunniēbat	grunniēbāmus	grunniēbātis	grunniēbant
	future	grunniam	grunniēs	grunniet	grunniēmus	grunniētis	grunnient
	perfect	grunnīvī, grunniī	grunnīvistī, grunniistī	grunnīvit, grunniit	grunnīvimus, grunniimus	grunnīvistis, grunniistis	grunnīvērunt, grunnīvēre, grunniērunt, grunniēre
	pluperfect	grunnīveram, grunnieram	grunnīverās, grunnierās	grunnīverat, grunnierat	grunnīverāmus, grunnierāmus	grunnīverātis, grunnierātis	grunnīverant, grunnierant
	future perfect	grunnīverō, grunnierō	grunnīveris, grunnieris	grunnīverit, grunnierit	grunnīverimus, grunnierimus	grunnīveritis, grunnieritis	grunnīverint, grunnierint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	grunniam	grunniās	grunniat	grunniāmus	grunniātis	grunniant
	imperfect	grunnīrem	grunnīrēs	grunnīret	grunnīrēmus	grunnīrētis	grunnīrent
	perfect	grunnīverim, grunnierim	grunnīverīs, grunnierīs	grunnīverit, grunnierit	grunnīverīmus, grunnierīmus	grunnīverītis, grunnierītis	grunnīverint, grunnierint
	pluperfect	grunnīvissem, grunniissem	grunnīvissēs, grunniissēs	grunnīvisset, grunniisset	grunnīvissēmus, grunniissēmus	grunnīvissētis, grunniissētis	grunnīvissent, grunniissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	grunnī	—	—	grunnīte	—
	future	—	grunnītō	grunnītō	—	grunnītōte	grunniuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		grunnīre	grunnīvisse, grunniisse	grunnītūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		grunniēns	—	grunnītūrus	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		grunniendī	grunniendō	grunniendum	grunniendō	grunnītum	grunnītū

Derived terms

• grunnium

Descendants

• Aromanian: gurnjescu, gurnjiri
• Galician: gruñir
• Italian: grugnire
• Old French: grognir, gronir, groindre, groignier, grondre, grondir
  • Middle French: groigner
    • French: grogner
    • Norman: grounre (from "grondre"), grognier (from "groignier")
• Occitan: rondir, rondinar
  • → Catalan: rondinar
• Portuguese: grunhir
• Spanish: gruñir

References

• “grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• grunnio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.