jwj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːwit/ → /ˈjiːjiʔ/ → /ˈʔiːʔə/ → /ʔiːʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːwit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːjiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔiːʔə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔiːʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: iwi

Verb

 anom.

1. (intransitive) to arrive, to come to a certain place (+ r or n: to (a place, person, thing, etc.); + ḫr: to (someone of higher status); + m: from (a place), into (something), by means of (a vehicle), as (a role); + ḥr: to, upon (something), from, for the sake of; + m-dj: from (someone))
2. (intransitive) to come here, to move from further to nearby
3. (intransitive) to return, to come back

   jwj m ḥtp

   to return safely or fortunately, to come (back) in peace

4. (intransitive, of future events, time, abstractions, etc.) to come to pass or come to be, to come, to arrive
5. (intransitive, with r and following infinitive) to come (to do something)

Usage notes

By Middle Egyptian, this verb and its synonym jj were apparently conflated into one, with some inflections of the verb using one stem and some using the other.

Inflection

Conjugation of jwj (anomalous / anom.) — base stem: j, jj, jw, geminated stem: jw, jww

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jt, jjt, jwt	jw	jwt	mj, jj, jw	mj, my, jj, jw

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jj5, jw5	ḥr jt, ḥr jjt, ḥr jwt	m jt, m jjt, m jwt	r jt, r jjt, r jwt

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	jj.n, jw.n	consecutive	jw.jn, jj.jn
terminative	jt, jyt, jjt, jwt
perfective3	jw, jj	obligative1	jw.ḫr
imperfective	jw, jj, jy
prospective3	jw, jwy	potentialis1	jw.kꜣ
subjunctive	jwt

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	j.n, jj.n	—	—
perfective	j	jj, jy	—
imperfective	jw, jww, jyw	jwy	—
prospective	—	jwtj4, jwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Third-person masculine statives of this verb often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwj  

jwj	jwj	jwj	jwj	jwj
		[Old Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]
			in hieratic

Derived terms

• jw.f ꜥꜣ.f
• jw.f pw
• jw.s pw
• jw zp
• nj zp jwt ḫt nb jm
• rḏj jwt

 

See also

• 𓂻

Etymology 2

Compare jw (“to sever, to cut off”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: iwi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to leave boatless, to maroon, to strand
2. (transitive, with r) to bar from, to exclude from (a boat) [22nd Dynasty]
3. (intransitive) to be(come) boatless, stranded

Inflection

Conjugation of jwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jwt, jwj	jww, jw	jwt, jwwt, jwyt	jw	jw, jwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jw8	ḥr jwt, ḥr jwj	m jwt, m jwj	r jwt, r jwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jw.n	jww, jw, jwy	consecutive	jw.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jwt, jwyt
perfective3	jw	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jw.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jw, jwy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jww, jw, jwy	jww, jw, jwy	potentialis1	jw.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jw, jwy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jw.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jww1, jwy, jw	active + .tj1, .tw2	jw	jwy, jw
imperfective	jw, jwy, jww5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jw, jwj6, jwy6	jw, jww5
prospective	jww1, jwy, jw, jwtj7	—	jwwtj1 4, jwtj4, jwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwj  

jwj	jwy	jwy	jwj	jwj	jwj	jwj
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[22nd Dynasty]

References

• “jwi̯ (lemma ID 21930)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “jwi̯ (lemma ID 856211)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[2], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 44.1–45.6, 47.14–47.15
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 11–12
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 159, 276, 455.