pidama
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See also: pidämä
Estonian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *pitädäk.
Verb[edit]
pidama (da-infinitive pidada)
- to keep, to hold
- Lauda pidas vaid üks nael.
- Only a single nail held the table.
- to keep, to maintain
- Ta oskab tempot pidada.
- He can keep his tempo.
- to keep back, to hold back
- Jaan tahtis jubedalt kakelda, aga sai veel pidama.
- Jaan really wanted to fight, but he managed to hold himself back.
- to stay
- Rinne jäi tükiks ajaks Riia alla pidama.
- The front stayed at Riga for a while.
- to raise, to have (livestock, slaves)
- Me oleme kolmkümmend aastat juba kanu pidanud.
- We've raised chickens for 30 years already.
- to deliver, to conduct
- Ta hakkab kohe oma kõnet pidama.
- He's gonna start delivering his speech.
- to celebrate
- Ammu pole jaanipäeva peetud.
- We haven't celebrated St. John's day in a while.
- to consider (governs the translative)
- Mõni hull peab end Hiina keisriks.
- Some lunatics consider themselves the Emperor of China.
Usage notes[edit]
Often used in phrasal verbs.
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of pidama (ÕS type 28/õppima, d-ø gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | pean | ei pea | 1st sing. | olen pidanud | ei ole pidanud pole pidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | pead | 2nd sing. | oled pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | peab | 3rd sing. | on pidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | peame | 1st plur. | oleme pidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | peate | 2nd plur. | olete pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | peavad | 3rd plur. | on pidanud | ||||||
| passive | peetakse | ei peeta | passive | on peetud | ei ole peetud pole peetud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | pidasin | ei pidanud | 1st sing. | olin pidanud | ei olnud pidanud polnud pidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | pidasid | 2nd sing. | olid pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | pidas | 3rd sing. | oli pidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | pidasime | 1st plur. | olime pidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | pidasite | 2nd plur. | olite pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | pidasid | 3rd plur. | oli pidanud | ||||||
| passive | peeti | ei peetud | passive | oli peetud | ei olnud peetud polnud peetud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | peaksin | ei peaks | 1st sing. | pidanuksin oleksin pidanud |
ei pidanuks ei oleks pidanud poleks pidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | peaksid | 2nd sing. | pidanuksid oleksid pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | peaks | 3rd sing. | pidanuks oleks pidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | peaksime | 1st plur. | pidanuksime oleksime pidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | peaksite | 2nd plur. | pidanuksite oleksite pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | peaksid | 3rd plur. | pidanuksid oleksid pidanud | ||||||
| passive | peetaks | ei peetaks | passive | oleks peetud | ei oleks peetud poleks peetud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | pea | ära pea | 2nd sing. | ole pidanud | ära ole pidanud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | pidagu | ärgu pidagu | 3rd sing. | olgu pidanud | ärgu olgu pidanud | ||||
| 1st plur. | pidagem | ärme peame ärme pea ärgem pidagem |
1st plur. | olgem pidanud | ärme oleme pidanud ärme ole pidanud ärgem olgem pidanud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | pidage | ärge pidage | 2nd plur. | olge pidanud | ärge olge pidanud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | pidagu | ärgu pidagu | 3rd plur. | olgu pidanud | ärgu olgu pidanud | ||||
| passive | peetagu | ärgu peetagu | passive | olgu peetud | ärgu olgu peetud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | pidavat | ei pidavat | active | olevat pidanud | ei olevat pidanud polevat pidanud | ||||
| passive | peetavat | ei peetavat | passive | olevat peetud | ei olevat peetud polevat peetud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | pidama | peetama | nominative | pidada | olla pidanud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | pidades | olles pidanud | |||||
| inessive | pidamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | pidamast | present | pidav | peetav | |||||
| translative | pidamaks | past | pidanud | peetud | |||||
| abessive | pidamata | negative | pidamatu | — | |||||
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *pitädäk.
Verb[edit]
pidama (da-infinitive pidada)
- to have to, must (governs the -ma infinitive)
- Me peame ruttu varjualuse leidma.
- We have to find shelter, quickly.
- to plan to, to want to
- Pidite ju Pärnu sõitma?
- Didn't you plan on driving to Pärnu?
- should (with conditional)
- See peaks sobima küll.
- This should fit.
Usage notes[edit]
The imperative is completely replaced by the present indicative forms.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of pidama (ÕS type 34/õppima, defective, d-ø gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | pean | ei pea | 1st sing. | olen pidanud | ei ole pidanud pole pidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | pead | 2nd sing. | oled pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | peab | 3rd sing. | on pidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | peame | 1st plur. | oleme pidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | peate | 2nd plur. | olete pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | peavad | 3rd plur. | on pidanud | ||||||
| passive | — | — | passive | — | — | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | pidin | ei pidanud | 1st sing. | olin pidanud | ei olnud pidanud polnud pidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | pidid | 2nd sing. | olid pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | pidi | 3rd sing. | oli pidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | pidime | 1st plur. | olime pidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | pidite | 2nd plur. | olite pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | pidid | 3rd plur. | oli pidanud | ||||||
| passive | — | — | passive | — | — | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | peaksin | ei peaks | 1st sing. | pidanuksin oleksin pidanud |
ei pidanuks ei oleks pidanud poleks pidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | peaksid | 2nd sing. | pidanuksid oleksid pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | peaks | 3rd sing. | pidanuks oleks pidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | peaksime | 1st plur. | pidanuksime oleksime pidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | peaksite | 2nd plur. | pidanuksite oleksite pidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | peaksid | 3rd plur. | pidanuksid oleksid pidanud | ||||||
| passive | — | — | passive | — | — | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | — | ära — | 2nd sing. | ole pidanud | ära ole pidanud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | — | — | 3rd sing. | olgu pidanud | ärgu olgu pidanud | ||||
| 1st plur. | — | ärme peame ärme — |
1st plur. | olgem pidanud | ärme oleme pidanud ärme ole pidanud ärgem olgem pidanud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | — | — | 2nd plur. | olge pidanud | ärge olge pidanud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | — | — | 3rd plur. | olgu pidanud | ärgu olgu pidanud | ||||
| passive | — | — | passive | — | — | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | pidavat | ei pidavat | active | olevat pidanud | ei olevat pidanud polevat pidanud | ||||
| passive | — | — | passive | — | — | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | pidama | — | nominative | pidada | olla pidanud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | pidades | olles pidanud | |||||
| inessive | pidamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | pidamast | present | pidav | — | |||||
| translative | pidamaks | past | pidanud | — | |||||
| abessive | pidamata | negative | pidamatu | — | |||||