Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ǰíHwati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti, from *gʷih₃wós (“alive, living”), from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”). Cognate with Proto-Hellenic *ďṓwō, Proto-Italic *gʷīwō.

Verb

*ǰíHwati

1. to live, be alive

Inflection

    Nonfinite forms of *ǰíHwati

Infinitive	*ǰíHwatum
Gerund	*ǰiHwatwáH
Past passive participle	*ǰiHwatás
Future passive participle	*ǰíHwyas

    Present forms of *ǰíHwati

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*ǰíHwaHmi	*ǰíHwaHwas	*ǰíHwaHmas	*ǰíHway	*ǰiHwáHwadʰHay	*ǰiHwáHmadʰHay	*ǰiHwyáy	*ǰiHwyáHwadʰHay	*ǰiHwyáHmadʰHay
2nd	*ǰíHwasi	*ǰíHwatʰas	*ǰíHwatʰa	*ǰíHwasay	*ǰíHwaytʰay	*ǰíHwadʰHway	*ǰiHwyásay	*ǰiHwyáytʰay	*ǰiHwyádʰHway
3rd	*ǰíHwati	*ǰíHwatas	*ǰíHwanti	*ǰíHwatay	*ǰíHwaytay	*ǰíHwantay	*ǰiHwyátay	*ǰiHwyáytay	*ǰiHwyántay
Imperative
1st	*ǰíHwaHni	*ǰíHwaHwa	*ǰíHwaHma	*ǰíHwaHy	*ǰiHwáHwadʰHaHy	*ǰiHwáHmadʰHaHy	*ǰiHwyáHy	*ǰiHwyáHwadʰHaHy	*ǰiHwyáHmadʰHaHy
2nd	*ǰíHwa	*ǰíHwatam	*ǰíHwata	*ǰíHwaswa	*ǰíHwaytʰām	*ǰíHwadʰHwam	*ǰiHwyáswa	*ǰiHwyáytʰām	*ǰiHwyádʰHwam
3rd	*ǰíHwatu	*ǰíHwatām	*ǰíHwantu	*ǰíHwatām	*ǰíHwaytām	*ǰíHwantam	*ǰiHwyátām	*ǰiHwyáytām	*ǰiHwyántam
Optative
1st	*ǰíHwayHam	*ǰíHwaywa	*ǰíHwaymas	*ǰíHwayHa	*ǰiHwáywadʰHi	*ǰiHwáymadʰHi	*ǰiHwyáyHa	*ǰiHwyáywadʰHi	*ǰiHwyáymadʰHi
2nd	*ǰíHways	*ǰíHwaytam	*ǰíHwayta	*ǰíHwaytʰās	*ǰiHwáyHātʰām	*ǰíHwaydʰHwam	*ǰiHwyáytʰās	*ǰiHwyáyHātʰām	*ǰiHwyáydʰHwam
3rd	*ǰíHwayt	*ǰíHwaytām	*ǰíHwayHunt	*ǰíHwayta	*ǰiHwáyHātām	*ǰíHwayrant	*ǰiHwyáyta	*ǰiHwyáyHātām	*ǰiHwyáyrant
Participles	*ǰíHwant			*ǰíHwamHnas			*ǰiHwyámHnas

    Imperfect forms of *ǰíHwati

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*áǰiHwam	*aǰíHwaHwa	*aǰíHwaHma	*áǰiHway	*aǰiHwáHwadʰHi	*aǰiHwáHmadʰHi	*aǰiHwyáy	*aǰiHwyáHwadʰHi	*aǰiHwyáHmadʰHi
2nd	*áǰiHwas	*aǰíHwatam	*aǰíHwata	*aǰíHwatʰās	*aǰíHwaytʰām	*aǰíHwadʰHwam	*aǰiHwyátʰās	*aǰiHwyáytʰām	*aǰiHwyádʰHwam
3rd	*áǰiHwat	*aǰíHwatām	*áǰiHwant	*aǰíHwata	*aǰíHwaytām	*aǰíHwanta	*aǰiHwyáta	*aǰiHwyáytām	*aǰiHwyánta

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́íHwati
  • Sanskrit: जीवति (jī́vati)
    • Dardic:
      • Kashmiri:

        Arabic script: زُوُن (zuwun)

        Devanagari script: ज़ुवुन (zuwun)

      • Shina: [script needed] (žonu)
    • Pali: jīvati
    • Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀤𑀺 (jīvadi)
      • Bengali: জিয়া (jiẏa)
      • Bihari:
        • Bhojpuri: जीयल (jīyal)
        • Maithili: जियब (jiyab)
      • Early Assamese: জী (jī)
        • Assamese: জীয়া (zia)
      • Odia: ଜୀବା (jiba)
      • Marathi: जिणे (jiṇe)
      • Old Gujarati: जीवइ (jīvaï)
        • Gujarati: જીવવું (jīvvũ)
      • Hindi: जीना (jīnā)
      • Kumaoni: ज्यूणो (jyūṇo)
      • Nepali: जिउनु (jiunu)
      • Punjabi: ਜਿਊਣਾ (jiūṇā)
      • Romani: ʒivel, ʒuvel; dživel, džuvel; zhuvel
      • Sindhi: जिअणु (jiaṇu)
• Proto-Iranian: *ǰíHwati
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬘𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (juuaⁱti)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Kurdish: jîyan, ژِیان (jiyan)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: zyw-stn’ (zī(wi)stan)
      • Persian: زیستن (zistan)
• Proto-Nuristani: *ǰīváti
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: jǖ́-

      Kativiri: jëvé-